Timeline of Braunschweig

Prior to 19th century

861 - According to legend, Braunschweig founded by Bruno of Saxony.

955 - Area of city expanded.

1031 - St. Magni (Braunschweig) church consecrated.

1145 - Riddagshausen Abbey founded.

1160s - Henry the Lion makes Braunschweig his residence.

1166 - Brunswick Lion statue created.

1175 - Dankwarderode Castle built.

1188 - Gospels of Henry the Lion created.

1190s - St. Martini (Braunschweig) church construction begins.

1194 - Brunswick Cathedral built.

1194 - 6 August: Henry the Lion dies.

1200s

St. Katharinen (Braunschweig) church construction begins.

Braunschweig joins the Hanseatic League.

Schoduvel (carnival) is celebrated.

1245 - Großes Waisenhaus BMV (nursing home and orphanage) established.

1293–94 - Schicht der Gildemeister (civil unrest)

1304 - Bartholomäuskapelle (Braunschweig) on Schützenstraße (Braunschweig) first mentioned.

1307 - Gewandhaus (Braunschweig) guildhall/exchange first mentioned.

1312 - Rüningen gristmill first mentioned.

1370s - Große Schicht (civil unrest)

1390

Public clock installed (approximate date).

Brunswick Mum is sold.

1396 - Altstadtrathaus (Braunschweig) (city hall) building expanded.

1408 - Altstadtmarktbrunnen (fountain) installed in the Altstadtmarkt (Braunschweig).

1410s

Liberei (library) built.

Braunschweiger Pfaffenkrieg (conflict between city council and churches)

1411 - Faule Mette cannon created.

1415 - Martino-Katharineum Braunschweig secondary school established.

1420 - St. Andreas (Braunschweig) church built (approximate date).

1432 - The Princes of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel move their Residenz from Braunschweig to Wolfenbüttel.

1434 - Aegidienkirche (church) built (approximate date).

1445–46 - Schicht der „ungehorsamen Bürger“ (civil unrest)

1451 - Brüdernkirche (Braunschweig) (church) built.

1487–89 - Ludeke Hollants Schicht (civil unrest)

1498 - Braunschweiger Messe (fair) established.

1509 - Printing press in operation.

1520s - Protestant Reformation in Braunschweig.

1524 - Huneborstelsches Haus built.

1531–32 - Braunschweig joins Schmalkaldic League.

1534 - Alte Waage (Braunschweig) built.

1551 - Population: 16,192.

1567 - Haus zur Hanse built.

1573 - Veltheimsches Haus built on the Burgplatz (Braunschweig).

1627 - Hofbrauhaus Wolters (brewery) established.

1643 - Ehemaliges Rüninger Zollhaus (customs house) built.

1663 - Trial and execution of Anna Roleffes.

1671 - Siege of Braunschweig by Rudolph Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

1690 - Opernhaus am Hagenmarkt (opera house and theatre) opens.

1745

Collegium Carolinum founded.

Braunschweigische Anzeigen newspaper in publication.[1]

1753 - Brunswick Palace established as the new ducal residence.

1754 - Herzog Anton Ulrich-Museum and Naturhistorisches Museum open.[2]

1761 - First Battle of Ölper

1769 - Schloss Richmond (castle) built.

1772 - 13 March: Premiere of Lessing's play Emilia Galotti.

1773 - Population: 23,385.

1790s - Braunschweig fortifications dismantled (approximate date).

1791 - Lange Brücke (Braunschweig) (bridge) rebuilt.

1799 - Friedrich Vieweg (publisher) moves to Braunschweig.

19th century

1806 - French in power; Braunschweig French period begins.

1807 - Wilhelm Albrecht Christian von Mahrenholtz becomes mayor.

1809 - 1 August: Second Battle of Ölper

1815 - Duchy of Brunswick established

1823 - Obelisk erected in the Löwenwall.

1829 - 19 January: Premiere of Goethe's play Faust, Part One.

1830

7 September: Civil unrest.

7–8 September: Brunswick Palace stormed by an angry mob and destroyed completely.

1835 - Grotrian-Steinweg established.

1838 - Westermann Verlag (publisher) in business.

1838 - 1 December: First section of the Brunswick–Bad Harzburg railway line, connecting Braunschweig and Wolfenbüttel, opens.

1843–44 - Hanover–Brunswick railway opens.

1844 - Rabbinical Conference of Brunswick

1847 - MTV Braunschweig established.

1848–49 - German revolution of 1848–49 in Braunschweig

1849 - Voigtländer sets up its office in Braunschweig.

1853 - Braunschweigische Bank active.

1860 - Braunschweig City Archive established.

1861

Staatstheater Braunschweig (theatre) opens.

Stadtbibliothek Braunschweig (library) and Städtisches Museum (Braunschweig) founded.

1863 - Braunschweiger Quadriga sculpture erected atop the palace.

1871

Braunschweiger Volksfreund newspaper in publication.

Feldschlößchen (Braunschweig) brewery in business.

Population: 57,883.

1872 - Brunswick–Magdeburg railway begins operating.

1874 - Konrad Koch introduces football to Germany.

1875 - 23 September: Neue Synagoge (Braunschweig) opens.

1879 - Trams in Braunschweig begin operating.

1880 - Population: 75,038.

1885 - Population: 85,174.

1887 - Hauptfriedhof Braunschweig (cemetery) established.

1890 - Population: 101,047.

1891 - Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum founded.

1895

Eintracht Braunschweig football club and Jüdischer Friedhof (Braunschweig) (cemetery) established.

Wilhelm Scholz bookseller in business.

Population: 115,138.

1900–1945

1900 - New Braunschweiger Rathaus (city hall) built.

1901 - Braunschweigischer Geschichtsverein (historical society) founded.[3]

1903 - Büssing established.

1906 - Dankwarderode Castle reconstructed.

1907 - Panther Fahrradwerke (bicycle manufactory) in business.

1909 - 21 April: Gymnasium Gaussschule established.

1913 - 24 May: Marriage of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick and Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia.

1918

November Revolution in Braunschweig occurs.

8 November: Ernest Augustus forced to abdicate.

10 November: Socialist Republic of Brunswick proclaimed.

10 November: Free State of Brunswick established.

1919

9 April: Spartacus League uprising.

13–17 April: State of emergency declared, Freikorps troops enter city.

Population: 139,539.

1920 - Rollei established.

1923 - 17 June: Eintracht-Stadion opens.

1929 - Deutsche Verkehrsfliegerschule moved to Broitzem.

1931

Veltenhof is incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.

Braunschweiger Tageszeitung (newspaper) begins publication.

17–18 October: A large Nazi rally is held in Braunschweig, 100,000 SA stormtroopers march through the city.

1933 - Mittelland Canal reaches Braunschweig.

1934

Gliesmarode, Lehndorf (Braunschweig), Melverode, Ölper, Querum, Riddagshausen, and Rühme are incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.

Population: 166,823.

1935 - SS-Junkerschule Braunschweig established.

1936

Luftfahrtforschungsanstalt in Völkenrode built.

Braunschweig Airport opens.

1938

Niedersächsische Musikschule Braunschweig (formerly Brunswick State Conservatoire) established.

23 February: Volkswagenwerk Braunschweig starts production.

9–10 November: Kristallnacht in Braunschweig.

1939

Nazi Academy for Youth Leadership built.

Population: 208,400.

1940

Synagogue demolished.

Bombing of Braunschweig in World War II begins.

1943 - Entbindungsheim für Ostarbeiterinnen established.

1944 - 17 August: KZ subcamp Schillstraße established.

1945 - 12 April: Surrender of Braunschweig.

1946–1999

1946 - Braunschweiger Zeitung (newspaper) begins publication.

1947 - Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt refounded in Braunschweig.

1949

Abendgymnasium Braunschweig (school) established.

Antiquariat am Burgplatz bookshop in business.

1955 - 1 February: Luftfahrt-Bundesamt opens.

1960

Brunswick Palace demolished.

1 October: Braunschweig Hauptbahnhof opens.

1963 - Hochschule für Bildende Künste Braunschweig established.

1971 - Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel established.

1972 - Braunschweiger Verkehrs-AG (public transit entity) active.

1974 - 28 February: District of Braunschweig disestablished and its main part incorporated into the city of Braunschweig.

1975 - Population: 269,900.

1976 - Gerhard Glogowski becomes mayor.

1977 - Federal Agricultural Research Centre established.

1982 - Gerstäcker-Museum established.

1987 - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen moves to Braunschweig.

1988 - Braunschweig Classix Festival established.

1991–94 - Reconstruction of Alte Waage.

1994 - Sparkassen Open tennis tournament established.

1998 - 1 September: German Federal Bureau of Aircraft Accident Investigation established.

21st century

2000

Wilhelm Raabe Literature Prize established.

20 September: Volkswagen Halle opens.

2001 - Happy Rizzi House built in the Ackerhof.

2006 - 6 December: Synagoge (Braunschweig) opens.

2007 - 6 May: Rebuilt Brunswick Palace opens.

2010 - RegioStadtBahn Braunschweig light rail project cancelled.

2013 - Population: 247,227.

2014 - Ulrich Markurth becomes mayor.