He studied at the universities in Breslau and Leipzig. In 1876 he commenced lecturing on theology at the University of Marburg, where he became professor extraordinarius in 1879. In 1881 he was appointed professor of church history at the University of Erlangen.
Published works
He edited the Beiträge zur bayerischen Kirchengeschichte (20 volumes, 1895–1913) and Die Universität unter dem Hause Wittelsbach, 1810-1910 (1910). His principal publications include:
Luthers Stellung zu Konzil und Kirche bis zum Wormser Reichstag (1876)
