Tar Sands Healing Walk

Background

The walk is a demonstration to bring awareness to the impact of the Tar sands development. "Protests, rallies, marches are all good and necessary, but we felt like people needed something more spiritual, something to strengthen a connection to the land" says organizer Jesse Cardinal (Keepers of the Athabasca). The walk is called the healing walk to pray for the land and the people that have been exploited by Tar sands development. It is a reaction to the alleged legislative abuses of Indigenous treaty rights.

Over 500 people travelled from all over North America to participate in this healing ceremony. This walk takes place on the territories of the Cree, Dene and Métis peoples of northern Alberta, where the impacts of the tar sands on the land and its inhabitants is devastating.

Many people gather and camp at the Indian Beach Campsite in Anzac, just outside Fort McMurray near the Athabasca Oil Sands, to the walk. Native elders from all over North America lead people past lakes of tailings wastewater and infrastructure of the tar sands industry along the Athabasca River covering a walking route ranging from a 14 to16 kilometers. The 2014 walk was the last official walk. "This is the last healing walk in the Athabasca region because it’s time to shed light on other communities impacted by tar sands," said Jesse Cardinal, coordinator of Keepers of the Athabasca. "In order to stop the destruction, the healing has to start everywhere."

Main Issues

The walk brings awareness to the Canadian human rights violations and devastating impacts of the Athabasca Oil Sands on First Nations people. The right to clean air and clean water, were rights outlined in Treaty 6 protected by the Canadian Constitution. Under Treaty 6, the Beaver Lake Cree are guaranteed the right to hunt, trap and fish on their traditional lands in perpetuity. The oil sands developments threaten the Indigenous peoples traditional way of life by destroying the very habitat upon which the animals and fish depend. The Canadian oil sands, also known as the tar sands, is the largest industrial project on earth, yet few Canadians are aware of the rapid pace of growth and its impacts on the environment, economy, and society. Alberta tar sands produced approximately 1.9 million barrels of oil per day in 2012. If industry and government’s expansion plans are approved this number could reach 5 million barrels per day by the end of 2030. In 2013, First Nations people witnessed the oil spill in Cold Lake, which still continues to pose problems for people in the area. Eight experts in environmental science, policy and risk from Simon Fraser University called for a moratorium on all new tar sands development until there is a comprehensive policy-making process for more sustainable energy development for North America.

Health of Indigenous People

Since 2007 higher than normal incidences of rare and deadly cancers and brain tumours have been documented by the Alberta Health Department in First Nations communities that live downstream of the oil sands. Arsenic, cancer causing carcinogens, are created by bitumen production. Arsenic deposits are detected in water, soil, and even in the remnants of fallen snow that have been tested in the area.

Toxins are inescapable and cancer rates are skyrocketing, especially women and children, due to the industrial chemical exposure in the water and the air. These chemicals are now inextricable from the landscape. This health issue for Indigenous people is considered a form of industrial genocide.

Cancers and asthma rates for people of Northern Alberta are higher than most places in Canda and higher than non-indigenous people. Life expectancy for Indigenous people is on average 5 years less than non-indigenous people.

Under the current oil sands development, woodland caribou populations are expected to disappear. This poses a problem for the hunting traditions of Canada's Indigenous peoples. This threatens their food security and adds to overall health issues for the people and the environment.

Women

In Solidarity with the Healing Walk: Women's voices on the oil sands, pipelines, and climate change, discusses issues on climate change and health for Indigenous women and children. Very few sources discuss it from the perspective of women. Women’s voices are silenced in politics especially in Indigenous politics. Their families are more impacted by rare cancers and their children are suffering higher rates of asthma than non-indigenous children who live outside the path of environmental impact.

Organizer Eriel Tchekwie Deranger is explicit that what is happening in her community is industrial genocide and that her community and its traditional way of life are dying along with her people. Indigenous women are very impacted, not just by tar sands, but through this representation of continued colonization.

Human rights

In a human rights report on Canada, Amnesty International suggested that the government should have respect for indigenous rights when issuing licences for mining, logging, petroleum and other resource extraction. The tar sands boom is an attack on First Nations rights, by displacing Indigenous populations and dismantling crucial environmental protections. The Beaver Lake Cree nation has documented 20,000 treaty rights violations linked to tar sands expansion. 80% of the traditional territories of the Athabasca Chipewyan, First Nation and the Cree First Nation are rendered inaccessible for periods of the year due to oil sands development. The land that is accessible is devastated by development.

Health of the Environment

Climate activist Bill McKibben notes that if development in Canada's oil sands continue, it will cause irreversible damage to the planet. Despite the economic advantages that developing oil could have on Canada, McKibben suggested that it's time to develop green energy jobs.

Oil sands underlie approximately 140,000 square kilometers of Alberta – an area about the size of Florida. Oil sands leases cover about 20% of the province’s land area. In 46 years of development, only 0.15% of the environment disturbed is certified as "reclaimed." There is no way to return the boreal forest to its natural state. Over 30 million birds will be lost over the next 20 years due to tar sands development.

Climate

Dangerous greenhouse gas emissions are produced by Canada's tar sand that impact the Global climate. The exploitation of the oil sands is the primary reason Canada will fail to meet its own greenhouse gas reduction targets. Canada’s climate performance is the worst in the entire Western world. More than 600 million cubic feet of natural gas are used every day to extract oil from the tar sands. That amount of gas is enough to heat more than 3 million Canadian homes every day. The International Energy Agency reports that increasing oil production from 1.9 million barrels to 5 million a day will lead to a catastrophic increase in the global temperature. Carbon emissions from the production and processing of the oil sands have more than doubled in the last decade and are on track to double again. The Canadian government has mounted an intensive lobbying campaign to weaken clean fuel standards that the European Commission has proposed to achieve its climate change targets.

Air and Water

In northern Alberta, local Aboriginal communities are forced to endure highly degraded air and water quality. Oil sands industry used approximately 170 million cubic metres of water in 2011 to extract bitumen. That is the equivalent to the residential water use of 1.7 million Canadians. 95% of the water used in tar sands surface mining is so polluted it has to be stored in toxic sludge pits. That is 206,000 litres of toxic waste discharged every day.

Canada is home to 2 of the top 3 largest dams in the world. They are used to hold back toxic sludge from the oil sands 11 million litres of toxic wastewater seep out of the tailing pits into the boreal forest and Athabasca river every day. That is 4 billion litres a year. Air pollutant guidelines in Alberta are less stringent than international standards. Despite that, air quality objectives were exceeded 1,556 times in 2009, up from 47 times in 2004.

David Schindler, environmental scientist conducted research to assess the way water pollution was investigated in the Oil Sands. Schindler's research indicated that the water monitoring was only regulated by the industry not outside environmental consultants. This led to inaccurate levels of carginigins reported over time. Chief Allan Adams of the Athabasca area is consulting with David Schindler to provide evidence of water pollution linked to the seepage from the tailings ponds. There are

Land and Species

Eighty per cent of the traditional territory of the Mikisew Cree and Athabasca Chipewyan First Nations has been rendered inaccessible for most of the year by tar sands development, which is a direct treaty rights violations. This directly impacts fishing and hunting access.

Hunting is a traditional way of life for Canada’s Indigenous people. The loss of habitat has prevented hunting on their own land. The pollutants from the production of the oil sands is polluting and killing animals and fish that First Nations communities relied on at one time for food. In 2007, it was suggested that wildlife has been negatively affected by the oil sands; for instance, moose were found in a 2006 study to have as high as 453 times the acceptable levels of arsenic in their systems, though later studies lowered this to 17 to 33 times the acceptable level (although below international thresholds for consumption).

News

Testimonials

Lori Nicotine (2014) " It was unlike anything Lori Nicotine had ever seen. On the Poundmaker First Nation, words like mining, tailings and steam-assisted gravity drilling are non-existent. But on Saturday, Nicotine left the North Battleford reserve for the fifth and final Healing Walk, a 16-kilometre spiritual walk around a former tailings pond. Aboriginal chiefs and elders lead the procession, stopping intermittently to pray for the land’s healing with song and tobacco offerings.As a crowd of 700 walked up Highway 63 and approached Syncrude’s main plant, Nicotine looked out towards the upgraders and work trucks, and wept.