Tammuz (Hebrew: תמוז: Tammuz, Tammûz), or Tamuz, is the tenth month of the civil year and the fourth month of the ecclesiastical year on the Hebrew calendar, and the Assyrian calendar. It is a boreal summer month of 29 days, which occurs on the Gregorian calendar around June–July.
The name of the month was adopted from the Assyrian and Babylonian month Araḫ Dumuzu, named in honour of the Assyro-Babylonian god Tammuz.
17 Tammuz - Seventeenth of Tammuz – (Fast Day)
17 Tammuz is a fast day from 1 hour before sunrise to sundown in remembrance of Jerusalem's walls being breached. 17 Tammuz is the beginning of The Three Weeks, in which Jews follow similar customs as the ones followed during the Omer from the day following Passover until the culmination of the mourning for the death of the students of Rabbi Akiva (the thirty-third day of the Omer – such as refraining from marriage and haircuts. The Three Weeks culminate with Tisha Be-Av (9th of Av).
Ashkenazi communities refrain from wine and meat from the beginning of the month of Av, while Sefardi communities only do so from the second day of the month. The mourning continues until noon on the 10th of Av, the date on which the Second Temple's destruction was complete.
3 Tammuz (circa 1272 BCE) – Joshua stops the sun (Joshua 10:1-15)
3 Tammuz (1994 CE) – Death of Lubavitcher Rebbe Menachem Mendel Schneerson.
4 Tammuz (1171 CE) – Death of Rabbeinu Tam
4 Tammuz (1286 CE) – Maharam imprisoned
5 Tammuz (circa 592 BCE) – Ezekiel receives his "Chariot" vision (Ezekiel 1:4-26)
6 Tammuz (1976 CE) – Entebbe Rescue
9 Tammuz (circa 586 BCE) – Jerusalem walls breached by King Nebuchadnezzar, a date observed as a fast day until the second breaching of Jerusalem's walls by the Romans on the 17th of Tammuz (70 CE)
15 Tammuz (1743 CE) – Death of Rabbi Chayim ben Attar (Ohr HaChayim)
17 Tammuz (circa 1312 BCE) – Golden Calf offered by the Jewish people, 40 days after the giving of the Torah at Har Sinai. This is the first of the 5 national tragedies mourned on this day.
17 Tammuz (circa 1312 BCE) – Smashing of the first Tablets by Moses.
17 Tammuz (circa 586 BCE) – The daily sacrifices in the Holy Temple were discontinued.
17 Tammuz (70 CE) – Walls of Jerusalem breached by the Roman army.
17 Tammuz The Roman general Apostomus burned the Torah and placed an idol in the Holy Temple.
21 Tammuz (1636 CE) – Death of the Kabbalist Baal Shem of Worms, grandson of Rabbi Joselman of Rosheim, and author of Michlal Yofi commentary on Ecclesiastes.
22 Tammuz (1792 CE) – Death of Rabbi Shlomo of Karlin
23 Tammuz (1570 CE) – Death of Rabbi Moshe Cordovero
28 Tammuz (1841 CE) – Death of Yismach Moshe
29 Tammuz (150 CE) – Death of Johanan HaSandlar
29 Tammuz (1105 CE) – Death of Rashi
"Tammūz" (Arabic: ﺗﻤﻮﺯ), is also the name for the month of July in Iraq, the Levant and Turkey ("Temmuz" in Turkish). In Syriac it is ܬܡܘܙ. In Lebanon, Syria, and the Palestinian territories, the 2006 Lebanon War is generally known as حرب تموز Ḥarb Tammūz (i.e. the July War), following the Arab custom of naming the Arab-Israeli wars after months or years.
