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Taiwanese Romanization System

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Traditional Chinese
  
臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案

Simplified Chinese
  
台湾闽南语罗马字拼音方案

Taiwanese Romanization System

Hanyu Pinyin
  
Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn

Bopomofo
  
ㄊㄞˊ ㄨㄢ ㄇㄧㄣˇ ㄋㄢˊ ㄩˇ ㄌㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄚˇ ㄘˋ ㄆㄧㄣ ㄧㄣ ㄈㄤ ㄢˋ

Gwoyeu Romatzyh
  
Tair'uan Miinnanyeu Luomaazyh Pin'in Fang'ann

Wade–Giles
  
T'ai²-wan¹ Min³-nan²-yü³ Lo²-ma³-tzû⁴ P'in¹-in¹ Fang¹-an⁴

The Taiwanese Romanization System (Taiwanese Romanization: Tâi-uân Lô-má-jī Phing-im Hong-àn, Chinese: 臺灣閩南語羅馬字拼音方案; pinyin: Táiwān Mǐnnányǔ Luómǎzì Pīnyīn Fāng'àn; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-ôan Lô-má-jī Pheng-im Hong-àn; often referred to as Tâi-lô) is a transcription system for Taiwanese Hokkien. It is derived from Pe̍h-ōe-jī and since 2006 has been officially promoted by Taiwan's Ministry of Education. It is nearly identical to Taiwanese Language Phonetic Alphabet (TLPA) Romanization for Hakka apart from using ts tsh j instead of c ch j for the fricatives /ts tsʰ dz/.

Contents

Alphabet

Taiwanese Romanization System uses 16 basic Latin letters (A, B, E, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, S, T, U), 7 digraphs (Kh, Ng, nn, Oo, Ph, Th, Ts) and a trigraph (Tsh). In addition, it uses 6 diacritics to represent tones.

  • "nn" is only used after a vowel to express nasalization, so it has no capital letter.
  • Palatalization occurs when "J, S, Ts, Tsh" followed by "i", so "Ji, Si, Tsi, Tshi" sometimes governed as trigraphs and hexagraphs.
  • Of the 10 unused basic Latin letters, "R" is sometimes used to express dialectal vowels, while the others (C, D, F, Q, V, W, X, Y, Z) are only used in loanwords.

    • Vowels & Rhymes

  • o pronounced [ə] ㄜ in general dialect in Kaohsiung and Tainan, [o] ㄛ in Taipei.
  • -nn forms the nasal vowels
  • There is also syllabic m and ng.
  • ing pronounced [ɪəŋ], ik pronounced [ɪək̚].

    • Tones

    A hyphen links elements of a compound word. A double hyphen indicates that the following syllable has a neutral tone and therefore that the preceding syllable does not undergo tone sandhi.

    References

    Taiwanese Romanization System Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA