Name Tadeusz Banachiewicz Died November 17, 1954, Poland | Role Astronomer Education University of Warsaw | |
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Born 13 February 1882 ( 1882-02-13 ) Poland Occupation Astronomer, mathematician and geodesist | ||
Tadeusz Banachiewicz (13 February 1882, Warsaw, Congress Poland, Russian Empire – 17 November 1954, Krakow) was a Polish astronomer, mathematician and geodesist.
He was educated at Warsaw University and his thesis was on "reduction constants of the Repsold heliometer". In 1905, after the closure of the University by the Russians, he moved to Gottingen and in 1906 to the Pulkowa Observatory. He also worked at the Engel'gardt Observatory at Kazan University from 1910–1915.
In 1919, after Poland regained her independence, Banachiewicz moved to Krakow, becoming a professor at the Jagiellonian University and the director of Krakow Observatory. He authored approximately 180 research papers and modified the method of determining parabolic orbits. In 1925, he invented a theory of "cracovians" — a special kind of matrix algebra — which brought him international recognition. This theory solved several astronomical, geodetic, mechanical and mathematical problems.
In 1922 he became a member of PAU (Polska Akademia Umiejetnosci) and from 1932 to 1938 was the vice-president of the International Astronomical Union. He was also the first President of the Polish Astronomical Society, the vice-president of the Geodetic Committee of The Baltic States and, from 1952 to his death, a member of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He was also the founder of the journal Acta Astronomica. He was the recipient of Doctor Honoris Causa titles from the University of Warsaw, the University of Poznan and the University of Sofia in Bulgaria.
Banachiewicz invented a chronocinematograph. The lunar crater Banachiewicz and the main-belt asteroid 1286 Banachiewicza are named after him. He wrote over 230 scientific works.