Specialism Ophthalmology Date killed June 2, 2000 | Role Russian Politician Name Svyatoslav Fyodorov | |
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Born August 8, 1927 Proskurov, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet Union Known for Creating radial keratotomy, scleroplasty and intraocular lens replacement Institutions Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex Notable prizes Lomonosov Gold Medal (1986) Died June 2, 2000, Moscow, Russia Spouse Iren Fyodorova (m. ?–2000) Education Rostov State Medical University Books Fluorescein Angiography of the Eye: Applications in Ophthalmosurgery, Keratoprostheses | ||
Profession Surgeon and Politician Similar Leonid Rogozov, Georgy Ratner, Vladimir Demikhov | ||
Svyatoslav Nikolayevich Fyodorov (Russian: Святослав Николаевич Фёдоров; born August 8, 1927 – June 2, 2000) was a Russian ophthalmologist, politician, professor, full member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and Russian Academy of Medical Sciences. He is considered to be a pioneer of refractive surgery.
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Life and career
Fyodorov was born in Proskurov, Ukrainian SSR (now Khmelnytskyi, Ukraine), to ethnic Russian parents. Fyodorov graduated from Rostov Medical Institute in Rostov on Don, then worked as a practicing ophthalmologist in a small town in Rostov Oblast.
Cataract surgery
In the 1960s he studied the pioneering work of the English ophthalmic surgeon Sir Harold Ridley, the inventor of the intraocular lens (IOL). Fyodorov began to use Ridley's intraocular lenses in his treatment of cataract. At first he used lenses manufactured by the Rayner company in England but he quickly moved to have his lenses manufactured inside the Soviet Union.
Glaucoma surgery
In 1973 he developed a new surgical technique to cure the early stage of the glaucoma, called Trabeculectomy.
Refractive surgery
In the 1970s he developed the surgical technique he is most famous for, the radial keratotomy, to change the shape of the cornea and cure myopia. In 1986, Fyodorov designed the first posterior chamber phakic IOL in the "collar-button" or "mushroom" configuration and manufactured the pIOL from silicone. In 1980 he became the head of the Moscow Research Institute of Eye Microsurgery. In 1988 he founded the Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Complex.
Politics
Fyodorov was a member of the Congress of People's Deputies in 1989-1991. He was elected to the lower house of the Russian parliament, the State Duma, in 1993. He ran for president in 1996.
Death
Returning from an academic conference in 2000, Fyodorov died in the crash of his clinic's four-seater helicopter on the outskirts of Moscow.
In 2013, a profile of Dr. Fyodorov was included in a book called Saving Sight: An eye surgeon's look at life behind the mask and the heroes who changed the way we see, by Andrew Lam, M.D.