Streptaxidae is a family of carnivorous air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the clade Stylommatophora. Six Streptaxidae subfamilies are accepted in the 2005 taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi.
Streptaxidae are carnivorous except for one species Edentulina moreleti, which is herbivorous. All streptaxids have well-developed radula, except Careoradula perelegans, which is the only known terrestrial gastropod without radula.
Altogether 66 species from the family Streptaxidae are listed in the 2010 IUCN Red List.
The historical area of origin of the Streptaxidae is probably Gondwanaland.
The Recent native distribution of Streptaxidae includes South America, Africa, Arabia, Madagascar, Seychelles, Mayotte, Comores, Mauritius, Réunion, Rodrigues, India, Sri Lanka, Andamans, South-East Asia and the Philippines. The genus Gibbulinella is found in the Canary Islands.
Only the one family, Streptaxidae, was recognized within the Streptaxida Streptaxoidea in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005).
There are 6 subfamilies in the family Streptaxidae (according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005):
Streptaxinae Gray, 1860 - synonym: Artemonidae Bourguignat, 1889Enneinae Bourguignat, 1883 - synonym: Streptostelidae Bourguignat, 1889Marconiinae Schileyko, 2000Odontartemoninae Schileyko, 2000Orthogibbinae Germain, 1921 - synonyms: Gibbinae Steenberg, 1936; Gonidominae Steenberg, 1936Ptychotrematinae Pilsbry, 1919Sutcharit et al. (2010) have established a new family Diapheridae within Streptaxoidea and they have added two genera Diaphera and Sinoennea into Diapheridae.
Genera in the family Streptaxidae include:
Streptaxinae
Acanthennea Martens, 1898 - with the only species Acanthennea erinacea (Martens, 1898)Augustula Thiele, 1931 - with the only species Augustula braueri (Martens, 1898)Careoradula Gerlach & van Bruggen, 1999 - with the only species Careoradula perelegans (Martens, 1898)Discartemon Pfeiffer, 1856GlabrenneaGlyptoconus Möllendorff, 1894Hypselartemon Wenz, 1947Indoartemon Forcart, 1946Martinella Jousseaume, 1887Micrartemon Möllendorff, 1890Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905Platycochlium Laidlaw, 1950Rectartemon Baker, 1925Sairostoma Haas, 1938SeychellaxisSilhouettia Gerlach & van Bruggen, 1999 - with the only species Silhouettia silhouettae (Martens, 1898)StemmatopsisStereostele Pilsbry, 1919 - with the only species Stereostele nevilli (Adams, 1868)Streptartemon Kobelt, 1905Streptaxis Gray, 1837 - type genus of the family StreptaxidaeTonkinia Mabille, 1887Enneinae
Ennea H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 - type genus of the subfamilyMaurenneaIndoennea Kobelt, 1904Bruggennea Dance, 1972Elma Adams, 1866Streptostele Dohrn, 1866Varicostele Pilsbry, 1919Marconiinae
Macrogonaxis Bequaert & Clench, 1936Marconia Bourguignat, 1889 - type genus of the subfamilyStenomarconia Germain, 1934Odontartemoninae
Afristreptaxis Thiele, 1932Artemonopsis Germain, 1908Gigantaxis Tomlin, 1930Odontartemon L. Pfeiffer, 1856 - type genus of the subfamilyPseudogonaxis Thiele, 1932Somalitayloria Verdcourt, 1962Tayloria Bourguignat, 1889Orthogibbinae
Edentulina Pfeiffer, 1856Gibbulinella Wenz, 1920† Gibbus Montfort, 1810 - this genus was endemic to Mauritius and it is now extinctGonaxis Taylor, 1877† Gonidomus Swainson, 1840 - this genus was endemic to Mauritius and it is now extinctGonospira Swainson, 1840Haploptychius Kobelt, 1905Imperturbatia Martens, 1898Microstrophia Möllendorff, 1887Oophana Ancey, 1884Orthogibbus Germain, 1919 - type genus of the subfamilyPlicadomus Swainson, 1840Priodiscus Martens, 1898Pseudelma Kobelt, 1904Ptychotrematinae
Dadagulella Rowson & Tattersfield, 2013Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856Huttonella Pfeiffer, 1855Mirellia Thiele, 1933Parennea Pilsbry, 1919Ptychotrema L. Pfeiffer, 1853 - type genus of the subfamilySinistrexcisa De Winter, Gomez & Prieto, 1999Unsorted to subfamily:
Conturbatia Gerlach, 2001 - with the only species Conturbatia crenata Gerlach, 2001Costigulella Pilsbry, 1919 - formerly included in GulellaParvedentulina Emberton & Pearce, 2000 - endemic to MadagascarNotes:
Scolodonta Doering, 1875 used to be classified within Streptaxinae, but Scolodonta is the type genus of the family Scolodontidae.
