Specialty rheumatology | ICD-10 M40–M54 | |
ICD-9-CM 720, 721, 722, 723, 724 |
Spondyloarthropathy or spondyloarthrosis refers to any joint disease of the vertebral column. As such, it is a class or category of diseases rather than a single, specific entity. It differs from spondylopathy, which is a disease of the vertebra itself. However, many conditions involve both spondylopathy and spondyloarthropathy.
Contents
- Seronegative spondyloarthropathy
- Conditions
- Common characteristics
- Classification
- Epidemiology
- References
Spondyloarthropathy with inflammation is called axial spondyloarthritis. In the broadest sense, the term spondyloarthropathy includes joint involvement of vertebral column from any type of joint disease, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, but the term is often used for a specific group of disorders with certain common features, the group often being termed specifically seronegative spondylarthropathies. They have an increased incidence of HLA-B27, as well as negative rheumatoid factor and ANA. Enthesopathy is also sometimes present in association with seronegative.spondarthritides
Non vertebral signs and symptoms of degenerative or other not-directly-infected inflamation, in the manner of spondyloarthropathies, include asymmetric peripheral arthritis (which is distinct from rheumatoid arthritis), arthritis of the toe interphalangeal joints, sausage digits, Achilles tendinitis, plantar fasciitis, costochondritis, iritis, and mucocutaneous lesions. However, lower back pain is the most common clinical presentation of the causes of spondyloarthropoathies; this back pain is unique because it decreases with activity.
Seronegative spondyloarthropathy
Seronegative spondyloarthropathy (or seronegative spondyloarthritis) is a group of diseases involving the axial skeleton and having a negative serostatus.
"Seronegative" refers to the fact that these diseases are negative for rheumatoid factor, indicating a different pathophysiological mechanism of disease than what is commonly seen in rheumatoid arthritis.
Conditions
The following conditions are typically included within the group of seronegative spondylarthropathies:
Some sources also include Behcet's disease and Whipple's disease.
Common characteristics
These diseases have the following conditions in common:
Classification
Assessment of Spondylarthritis International Society (ASAS criteria) is used for classification of axial spondyloarthritis (to be applied for patients with back pain greater than or equal to 3 months and age of onset less than 45 years). It is of two broad types:
- Sacroiliitis on imaging plus 1 SpA feature, or
- HLA-B27 plus 2 other SpA features
Sacroiliitis on imaging:
SpA features:
Epidemiology
Worldwide prevalence of spondyloarthropathy is approximately 1.9%.