Source celiac artery Supplies spleen | Vein splenic vein MeSH A07.231.114.814 | |
 | ||
Branches Pancreatic branches
Pancreatica magna
Left gastro-omental
Short gastric
Trabecular arteries
Posterior Gastric Latin arteria splenica, arteria lienalis | ||
In anatomy, the splenic artery (in the past called the lienal artery) is the blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the spleen. It branches from the celiac artery, and follows a course superior to the pancreas.
Contents
Structure
The splenic artery gives off branches to the stomach and pancreas before reaching the spleen.
Note that the branches of the splenic artery do not reach all the way to the lower part of the greater curvature of the stomach. Instead, that region is supplied by the right gastroepiploic artery, a branch of the gastroduodenal artery. The two gastroepiploic arteries anastomose with each other at that point.
Relations
Along its course, it is accompanied by a similarly named vein, the splenic vein, which drains into the portal vein.
Clinical significance
Splenic artery aneurysms are rare[1], but still the third most common abdominal aneurysm, after aneurysms of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries.[2][3] They may occur in pregnant women in the third trimester and rupture carries a maternal mortality of greater than 50% and a fetal mortality of 70% - 90%. Risk factors include smoking and hypertension.[4] For the treatment of patients who represent a high surgical risk, percutaneous endovascular treatment may be considered.[5]