Look in thy glass, and tell the face thou viewestNow is the time that face should form another;Whose fresh repair if now thou not renewest,Thou dost beguile the world, unbless some mother.For where is she so fair whose unear’d wombDisdains the tillage of thy husbandry?Or who is he so fond will be the tomb,Of his self-love, to stop posterity?Thou art thy mother’s glass, and she in theeCalls back the lovely April of her primeSo thou through windows of thine age shall see,Despite of wrinkles, this thy golden time.But if thou live, remember’d not to be,Die single, and thine image dies with thee. 481214 | ||
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Q1Q2Q3C Look in thy glass, and tell the face thou viewestNow is the time that face should form another;Whose fresh repair if now thou not renewest,Thou dost beguile the world, unbless some mother.For where is she so fair whose unear’d wombDisdains the tillage of thy husbandry?Or who is he so fond will be the tomb,Of his self-love, to stop posterity?Thou art thy mother’s glass, and she in theeCalls back the lovely April of her primeSo thou through windows of thine age shall see,Despite of wrinkles, this thy golden time.But if thou live, remember’d not to be,Die single, and thine image dies with thee. | ||
Sonnet 3 is one of 154 sonnets written by the English playwright and poet William Shakespeare. It is a procreation sonnet within the Fair Youth sequence.
Contents
In the sonnet, the speaker is urging the man to whom he is writing to not waste his beauty by not having children. The intended recipient of this and other sonnets is a subject of scholarly debate, with some believing it to be William Herbert and others Henry Wriothesley, as well as other candidates.
The poem is typical of a Shakespearean sonnet in its form: fourteen decasyllabic lines, consisting of three quatrains and a concluding rhyming couplet.
Structure
Sonnet 3 is a typical Shakespearean or English sonnet. Shakespearean sonnets consist of three quatrains followed by a couplet, all in iambic pentameter and following the form's rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg. Each line of the first quatrain of Sonnet 3 exhibits a final extrametrical syllable or feminine ending. The first line additionally exhibits an initial reversal:
/ × × / × / × / × / (×)Look in thy glass and tell the face thou viewest (3.1)/ = ictus, a metrically strong syllabic position. × = nonictus. (×) = extrametrical syllable.Analysis
In this sonnet, the poet is exhorting the 'fair youth' to marry and have a child, "Now is the time that face should form another", to immortalise his beauty. To ‘form again its shape’ is Shakespeare’s rendering of metamorphosis - compare Rom. 12.2, “be ye chaunged in your shape” [BB; koinè, “μεταμορφοùσθε”]; his choice of “forme” reflects Ovid’s “forma” used often of Narcissus.
The message is reiterated in the last lines of the poem: "But if thou live, remember'd not to be, / Die single, and thine image dies with thee." Not only will the youth lose his attractive face in death, but also his reflection in the mirror, again hinting at the story of Narcissus.
The complexity of early modern spelling and the issues raised for editors are demonstrated by Sonnet 3. For example, “vn-eard wombe,” where “vn-eard” can and is intended to be heard as ‘uneared’ (unfecundated), ‘uneared’ (untilled), ‘unaired’ and ‘unheired’ is best carried by the quarto’s irregular spelling.