8 /10 1 Votes
Original title Simulacron-3 Language English Publication date 1964 Originally published 1964 Publisher Bantam Books | 4/5 Goodreads Cover artist uncredited Series A Bantam Book, J2797 Published in English January 1, 1964 Country United States of America | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Genres Novel, Science Fiction, Speculative fiction Adaptations World on a Wire (1973), The Thirteenth Floor (1999) Similar Daniel F Galouye books, Science Fiction books | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Welt am draht fa binder ballhaus simulacron 3
Simulacron-3 (1964) (also published as Counterfeit World), by Daniel F. Galouye, is an American science fiction novel featuring an early literary description of virtual reality.
Contents
Plot summary
Simulacron 3 is the story of a virtual city (total environment simulator) for marketing research, developed by a scientist to reduce the need for opinion polls. The computer-generated city simulation is so well-programmed, that, although the inhabitants have their own consciousness, they are unaware, except for one, that they are only electronic impulses in a computer.
The simulator's lead scientist, Hannon Fuller, dies mysteriously, and a co-worker, Morton Lynch, vanishes. The protagonist, Douglas Hall, is with Lynch when he vanishes, and Hall subsequently struggles to suppress his inchoate madness. As time and events unwind, he progressively grasps that his own world is probably not "real" and might be only a computer-generated simulation.
Similar works
In writing, the Frederik Pohl short story "The Tunnel under the World" (1955) deals with like philosophic themes and satirical criticism of marketing research, although in Pohl's story the described simulated reality is mechanical, an intricate scale-model whose inhabitants’ consciousnesses reside in a computer, rather than being solely electronic. The Philip K. Dick story Time Out of Joint (1959) presents a man who is unaware that he is living his life in a physically simulated town until changes in his (apparent) reality begin to manifest themselves.
The Matrix (1999) described a world whose population is unaware that the world containing their minds is a virtual reality simulacrum.
"The Plagiarist" (2011) by Hugh Howey is a short novel which deals with similar themes and ideas.
Adaptations
The novel has been adapted several times into other media, including as the two-part German television film Welt am Draht (1973) (World on a Wire), by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, "staying reasonably faithful to Galouye's book," as the film The Thirteenth Floor (1999) directed by Josef Rusnak and as a play World of Wires (2012) directed by Jay Scheib.