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Selmer group

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In arithmetic geometry, the Selmer group, named in honor of the work of Selmer (1951) by Cassels (1962), is a group constructed from an isogeny of abelian varieties.

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The Selmer group of an isogeny

The Selmer group of an abelian variety A with respect to an isogeny f : A → B of abelian varieties can be defined in terms of Galois cohomology as

S e l ( f ) ( A / K ) = v k e r ( H 1 ( G K , k e r ( f ) ) H 1 ( G K v , A v [ f ] ) / i m ( κ v ) )

where Av[f] denotes the f-torsion of Av and κ v is the local Kummer map B v ( K v ) / f ( A v ( K v ) ) H 1 ( G K v , A v [ f ] ) . Note that H 1 ( G K v , A v [ f ] ) / i m ( κ v ) is isomorphic to H 1 ( G K v , A v ) [ f ] . Geometrically, the principal homogeneous spaces coming from elements of the Selmer group have Kv-rational points for all places v of K. The Selmer group is finite. This implies that the part of the Tate–Shafarevich group killed by f is finite due to the following exact sequence

0 → B(K)/f(A(K)) → Sel(f)(A/K) → Ш(A/K)[f] → 0.

The Selmer group in the middle of this exact sequence is finite and effectively computable. This implies the weak Mordell–Weil theorem that its subgroup B(K)/f(A(K)) is finite. There is a notorious problem about whether this subgroup can be effectively computed: there is a procedure for computing it that will terminate with the correct answer if there is some prime p such that the p-component of the Tate–Shafarevich group is finite. It is conjectured that the Tate–Shafarevich group is in fact finite, in which case any prime p would work. However, if (as seems unlikely) the Tate–Shafarevich group has an infinite p-component for every prime p, then the procedure may never terminate.

Greenberg (1994) has generalized the notion of Selmer group to more general p-adic Galois representations and to p-adic variations of motives in the context of Iwasawa theory.

The Selmer group of a finite Galois module

More generally one can define the Selmer group of a finite Galois module M (such as the kernel of an isogeny) as the elements of H1(GK,M) that have images inside certain given subgroups of H1(GKv,M).

References

Selmer group Wikipedia


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