Crosses Kalamazoo River Architectural style Whipple truss Width 5.5 m Body of water Kalamazoo River Designer Zenas King | Built 1886 Opened September 1886 Longest span 69 m Construction cost 7,532.25 USD | |
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Clearance above 15 to 20 feet (4.6 to 6.1 m) Constructed by King Iron Bridge Company Location 2nd St., Allegan, Michigan, USA Similar Kalamazoo River, Fifty‑Seventh Street Bridge, 12 Mile road‑ Kalamaz, Indian Lake State Park, Copper Peak | ||
The Second Street Bridge is a one-lane, single-span truss bridge in Allegan, in the U.S. state of Michigan, that carries Second Street over the Kalamazoo River. It is a Michigan State Historic Site, a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark, and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Built in 1886, the bridge replaced an earlier wooden structure. In the early 1980s, the bridge underwent significant renovation.
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History
Prior to construction of the current structure, the river was spanned by a wooden bridge which had been in use for about fifty years. By the mid-1880s, the bridge had fallen into disrepair. The Allegan Journal and Tribune reported in March 1886 that "The structure miscalled a bridge ... is nearly buried in liquid mud, which serves to cover up some of the holes. We hope steps will be taken to secure an iron bridge before the old one tumbles down."
The replacement bridge was designed by Zenas King, founder of the King Iron Bridge Company, and the company began construction in 1886. The bridge was completed in two and a half months owing to fear that the wooden structure might collapse. Construction cost $7,532.25 and the bridge opened to traffic in late September. The bridge was one of the largest built by the company.
In 1979, a structural analysis of the bridge indicated that the wrought iron was in good shape, but the deck was deteriorating. City officials chose to rehabilitate the bridge instead of replacing it because the structure is historic and further study showed that traffic problems would be exacerbated by replacing it with a two-lane structure. Because the bridge was not a critical transportation corridor, the city persuaded the federal government to fund rehabilitation, even though the project would not meet AASHTO standards. The project was approved in part because the bridge was made one-way to overcome the limitations of its narrow roadway. Funding was received in 1981, and the contract was awarded to low bidder H&K Construction for $552,000, compared to an estimated $1.2 million for replacement.
For rehabilitation, the 80-ton bridge was rolled ashore on a system of rails, pulled by a hydraulic crane winch. After erecting scaffolding, the bridge was disassembled and members shipped to Holland, Michigan, for repairs and painting. New components were manufactured in Grand Rapids. All components were tested by dye penetration and ultrasound to ensure their soundness. The bridge was then reassembled and rolled back over the river. In June 1983, the bridge's reopening was celebrated by a three-day "Bridgefest". At some point after rehabilitation, traffic lights were installed, permitting the resumption of two-way traffic on the now one-lane bridge.
Since 1995, the bridge has featured in the logo of the city of Allegan.
Historic designations
The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on June 11, 1980. In 1982, the American Society of Civil Engineers designated it as a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. On September 8, 1982, the bridge was designated a Michigan State Historic Site and an informational marker was erected in 1984.
Design
The Second Street Bridge has a single-span Whipple truss design, made of steel and iron. The bridge is 18 feet (5.5 m) wide and spans 225 feet (69 m) over the Kalamazoo River with 15 to 20 feet (4.6 to 6.1 m) of water clearance. Its abutments are made of granite fieldstone. The structure is decorated with lattice work, iron end post finials, and latticed metal handrails. On one side of the bridge is a pedestrian walkway with wood flooring.