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Russian dialects

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Russian dialects

Russian dialects are spoken variants of the Russian language.

Contents

Territory

All the Russian dialects are divided in two principal chronological and geographic groups:

  1. The dialects of the territory of the primary formation, which consist of "Old" Russia of the 16th century (before the Eastern conquests by Ivan the Terrible) and roughly correlate with the modern Central and Northwestern Federal districts.
  2. The dialects of the territory of the second formation, where Russians settled after the 16th century.

Classification

1. Northern Russian

  • Pomor (Arkhangelsk and Murmansk)
  • Ladoga-Tikhvin
  • Transitional groups: Onega, Lacha, Belozersk-Bezhetsk
  • Vologda
  • Kostroma-Yaroslavl

    • 2. Central Russian

  • Western
  • Groups with okanye (Gdov, Luga, Novgorod, Staraya Russa, Valday)
  • Groups with akanye (Pskov, Velikiye Luki, Toropets, Rzhev, Torzhok)
  • Eastern
  • Groups with okanye (Tver, Klin, Sergiev Posad, Vladimir, Suzdal, Rostov, Ivanovo, Murom, Nizhny Novgorod)
  • Groups with akanye (Moscow, Kasimov, Temnikov)
  • Chukhloma enclave (with akanye)

    • 3. Southern Russian

  • Western (Bryansk, Smolensk, southern parts of Pskov and Tver)
  • Transitional group A (Mosalsk, Kozelsk, Zhizdra, Karachev, Sevsk, Rylsk)
  • Central (Belgorod, Kursk, Oryol)
  • Transitional group B (Serpukhov, Kolomna, Kaluga, Tula, Elets, Stary Oskol)
  • Eastern (Lipetsk, Tambov, Ryazan, Voronezh).

    • Isoglosses

    Notes

    Vocabulary

    Russian dialects usually preserve many archaic words and forms which dropped out of use or were replaced with Church Slavonic counterparts. In North Russian there are about 200 words of Uralic origin.

    References

    Russian dialects Wikipedia
    (Text) CC BY-SA


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