Criteria iv Extensions 1984 UNESCO World Heritage Site inscription 1983 | Type Cultural Reference 275-291 Extension 1984 | |
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The Ruins of São Miguel das Missões ([sɐ̃w̃ miˈɡɛw das misˈõȷ̃s]; Portuguese for St. Michael of the Missions, also known as São Miguel Arcanjo, and by its former Spanish name San Miguel) is a Unesco World Heritage site located in the municipality of São Miguel das Missões, in the northwestern region of Rio Grande do Sul state, in southern Brazil.
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Map of Ruins of S%C3%A3o Miguel das Miss%C3%B5es - RS, Brazil
History
The São Miguel das Missões mission was built between 1735 to around 1745 as Mission San Miguel Arcángel. São Miguel das Missões was one of the many Spanish Colonial Jesuit Reductions in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Bolivia. Spanish Jesuit missionaries founded the mission for Crown mandated Indian Reductions (Christian converting) of the Guaraní Indians; and to protect the natives from the Portuguese slave traders known as the Bandeirantes.
The Treaty of Madrid in 1750 transferred sovereignty over the area from Spain to Portugal. The Spanish Jesuit missions were ordered to move to the retained Spanish territory west of the Uruguay River. The Guaraní tribes refused to comply with the order to relocate from their homelands, now deemed in Portuguese "territory." This led to the Guarani War. A joint Portuguese-Spanish army attacked and defeated the Guaraní, and the mission was closed.
The cathedral (Catedral Angelopolitana), built in the 1920s in nearby Santo Ângelo city, is modeled after that at the São Miguel das Missões reduction.
World Heritage Site
The Spanish Colonial architecture of the ruins and the archeological site of São Miguel das Missões has been a protected part of the UNESCO Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis World Heritage Site, since 1984. The protected area covers 1,229.8 square kilometres (474.8 sq mi).
A history museum is adjacent.