Rousseau is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Arts
Eugene Rousseau (saxophonist) (born 1932), American saxophonistFrederick Rousseau (born 1958), French musicianHenri Rousseau (1844–1910), French naive painter, also known as Douanier RousseauJacques Rousseau (painter) (1630–1693), French trompe l'œil painterJean Rousseau (1644–1699), French musician and authorJean-Baptiste Rousseau (1671–1741), French poetJean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), Genevan author and philosopherJean-Jacques Rousseau (author-filmmaker), Belgian film directorJeanne Rij-Rousseau (1870–1956), French painter and art theoristJean Simeon Rousseau de la Rottiere (1747–1820), French decorative painterNita Rousseau (1949–2003), French writerSerge Rousseau (1930–2007), French film and television actorStéphane Rousseau, Canadian actorThéodore Rousseau (1812–1867), French painterScience
Cecil C. Rousseau, mathematicianDenis Rousseau, American scientistFrederic Rousseau, Belgian molecular biologistSports
Bobby Rousseau (born 1940), Canadian ice hockey playerEugène Rousseau (chess player) (c.1810–1870), French chess playerFlorian Rousseau (born 1974), French cyclistMaurice Rousseau (born 1906), French Olympic gymnastMichel Rousseau (1936–2016), French amateur track cyclistJacques Rousseau (athlete) (born 1951), French track and field athleteVincent Rousseau (born 1962), Belgian runnerYves Rousseau, French aviatorPolitics and military
André Rousseau (1911–2002), Quebec politician and businessmanLovell Rousseau (1818–1869), American generalRené Waldeck-Rousseau (1846–1904), French statesmanRoger Rousseau (1921–1986), Canadian ambassadorOther fields
Domaine Armand Rousseau, wine producer in Burgundy, FranceSamuel Rousseau (1763–1820), British scholarAs a given nameRousseau Owen Crump (1843–1901), American politician and businessmanRousseau H. Flower (1913–1988), American paleontologistVictor Rousseau Emanuel (1879–1960), British writerFictionalDanielle Rousseau, character on the American TV show LostAlexandra Rousseau, her daughter