Rousseau is a French surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Arts
Eugene Rousseau (saxophonist) (born 1932), American saxophonist
Frederick Rousseau (born 1958), French musician
Henri Rousseau (1844–1910), French naive painter, also known as Douanier Rousseau
Jacques Rousseau (painter) (1630–1693), French trompe l'œil painter
Jean Rousseau (1644–1699), French musician and author
Jean-Baptiste Rousseau (1671–1741), French poet
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), Genevan author and philosopher
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (author-filmmaker), Belgian film director
Jeanne Rij-Rousseau (1870–1956), French painter and art theorist
Jean Simeon Rousseau de la Rottiere (1747–1820), French decorative painter
Nita Rousseau (1949–2003), French writer
Serge Rousseau (1930–2007), French film and television actor
Stéphane Rousseau, Canadian actor
Théodore Rousseau (1812–1867), French painter
Science
Cecil C. Rousseau, mathematician
Denis Rousseau, American scientist
Frederic Rousseau, Belgian molecular biologist
Sports
Bobby Rousseau (born 1940), Canadian ice hockey player
Eugène Rousseau (chess player) (c.1810–1870), French chess player
Florian Rousseau (born 1974), French cyclist
Maurice Rousseau (born 1906), French Olympic gymnast
Michel Rousseau (1936–2016), French amateur track cyclist
Jacques Rousseau (athlete) (born 1951), French track and field athlete
Vincent Rousseau (born 1962), Belgian runner
Yves Rousseau, French aviator
Politics and military
André Rousseau (1911–2002), Quebec politician and businessman
Lovell Rousseau (1818–1869), American general
René Waldeck-Rousseau (1846–1904), French statesman
Roger Rousseau (1921–1986), Canadian ambassador
Other fields
Domaine Armand Rousseau, wine producer in Burgundy, France
Samuel Rousseau (1763–1820), British scholar
As a given name
Rousseau Owen Crump (1843–1901), American politician and businessman
Rousseau H. Flower (1913–1988), American paleontologist
Victor Rousseau Emanuel (1879–1960), British writer
Fictional
Danielle Rousseau, character on the American TV show Lost
Alexandra Rousseau, her daughter
