Romania competed at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy. 98 competitors, 82 men and 16 women, took part in 65 events in 13 sports.
Iolanda Balaş — Athletics, Women's High JumpIon Dumitrescu — Shooting, Men's TrapDumitru Pârvulescu — Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman FlyweightIon Cernea — Wrestling, Men's Men's Greco-Roman BantamweightLia Manoliu — Athletics, Women's Discus ThrowIon Monea — Boxing, Men's Middleweight (—75 kg)Leon Rotman — Canoeing, Men's C-1 1000mMaria Vicol — Fencing, Women's Individual FoilAtanasia Ionescu, Sonia Iovan, Elena Leuşteanu, Emilia Vătăşoiu-Liţă, Elena Niculescu, Uta Poreceanu — Gymnastics, Women's Team All-AroundIon Ţăranu — Wrestling, Men's Greco-Roman MiddleweightSix cyclists, all males, represented Romania in 1960.
Individual road raceIon CosmaGheorghe CalcişcăGabriel MoiceanuAurel ŞelaruTeam time trialIon CosmaGabriel MoiceanuAurel ŞelaruLudovic Zanoni1000m time trialIon Ioniţă15 fencers, 11 men and 4 women, represented Romania in 1960.
Men's foilTănase MureșanuAttila CsiplerIon DrîmbăMen's team foilIosif Szilaghi, Sorin Poenaru, Attila Csipler, Tănase MureșanuMen's épéeAdalbert Gurath, Jr.Men's sabreLadislau RohonyEmeric ArusDumitru MustațăMen's team sabreDumitru Mustață, Cornel Pelmuș, Ion Santo, Ladislau Rohony, Emeric ArusWomen's foilMaria VicolOlga Orban-SzaboEcaterina Orb-LazărWomen's team foilEcaterina Orb-Lazăr, Eugenia Mateianu, Olga Orban-Szabo, Maria VicolNine shooters represented Romania in 1960. Ion Dumitrescu won the gold medal in the trap event.
25 m pistolŞtefan PetrescuGavril Maghiar50 m pistolGavril MaghiarIlie Niţu300 m rifle, three positionsConstantin AntonescuMarin Ferecatu50 m rifle, three positionsIosif SîrbuNicolae Rotaru50 m rifle, proneIosif SîrbuNicolae RotaruTrapIon DumitrescuGheorghe Enache 
