Robert Wipper

Robert Yuryevich Wipper (Russian: Роберт Юрьевич Виппер, Latvian: Roberts Vipers; 14 July [O.S. 2 July] 1859 – 30 December 1954) was a Russian, Latvian and Soviet historian of classical antiquity, medieval and modern period. The first edition of the Great Soviet Encyclopedia characterised him as "the most talented representative in historical science of the Russian petty bourgeois intelligentsiya".

Born in Moscow, Wipper graduated from the faculty of history and philology at the Moscow University in 1880. In 1894, he had become the Doctor of General History and in 1901–1919 was the Professor in Ordinary of the Department of General History. He later attained the professorship. Wipper lectured the history of prehistoric culture, the history of the Ancient East, Greece, the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, as well as social ideas and the methodology of history. He also authored several historical textbooks. Having emigrated to Latvia, he taught at the University of Latvia until 1940 when the country was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic. Wipper's works received the privilege of translation into English for foreign readership. In 1922, Wipper published a book about Ivan the Terrible. A revised edition of it, published in 1942, was welcomed by Soviet reviewers. In 1944, Wipper received the Order of the Red Banner of Labour and the Order of Lenin in 1945. He also became a member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. Until his death Wipper supported the Christ myth theory. He died in Moscow at the age of 95.