Rhizome Manoeuvre

Definition

Rhizome Manoeuvre is a combat technique, specifically designed to achieve 'surprise', as a tactical effect.

However, the criticism of writers such as Eyal Weizman, and Flaherty, emphasize the realities of moving through the urban built environment executing a rhizome manoeuvre, requires a force to assemble behind walls, under floors, or overhead on rooftops (using explosives, drills or hammers if necessary) in order to break through.

Key concepts

The key concepts of a Rhizome Manoeuvre, involves small decentralized forces:

In essence, Rhizome Manoeuvre is movement unobserved, and unexpected, and is based on tactical concepts such as:

Developing the tactical concept

In developing the tactical concept of Rhizome Manoeuvre, the Rhizome observed in nature, such as the complex movement of plant root structures, where these work their way through soil, has been seen as analogous to the movement of a combat unit though complex urban built-up environments; and used as a way to explain the key tactical ideas of a Rhizome Manoeuvre.

Historical origin

Infiltration tactics, used in World War I, by assault parties have been identified as an early development of Rhizome manoeuvre. As this involved small units of troops moving toward, and through opposing trenches, through infiltration of various weak points, in order to launch surprise attacks overwhelming the defenders. During the Battle of Ortona, the Canadian Army developed a tactic known as mouse-holing, which involved using anti-tank weapons to blast holes through walls of adjacent buildings, allowing the assaulting forces to advance through the hole into the adjacent space. In 1997, the US Army began to identify future warfare concepts, such as Rhizome manoeuvre, describing: "Future land combat units will exploit terrain by maneuvering for tactical advantage within the folds and undulations of the earth's surface without suffering the restrictions imposed on mobility by contact with the ground."

Use by the Israel Defense Forces

Various application of Rhizome Manoeuvre, have been developed by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF), during its operations; these have been the subject of critical analysis by Eyal Weizman, in particular his essay on Lethal Theory, which appeared as a chapter in his 2007 book Hollow Land: Israel's Architecture of Occupation, as "Urban Warfare: Walking Through Walls" (pp 185–221). In this work, Weizman interviewed senior IDF officers, involved in the Nablus Manoeuvre (April 2002), where they described IDF tactical concepts such as Rhizome Manoeuvre; as well, Weizman collected accounts from civilians who experienced these events. This work, was first presented in Weizman's 2006 article 'Lethal Theory'.

Application in urban combat

The application of Rhizome maneuvering, by a combat forces has been likened to: