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The Regio II Caelimontium is the second regio of Rome, under Augustus's reform. It took its name from the Caelian Hill, which is one of the famous seven hills of Rome.
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History
Under the reign of Tullus Hostilius, the entire population of Alba Longa was forcibly resettled on the Caelian Hill. In Republican-era Rome the Caelian Hill was a fashionable residential district, site of residences of the wealthy. Archaeological work under the Baths of Caracalla has uncovered the remains of lavish villas complete with murals and mosaics. A significant area of the hill is taken up by the villa and gardens of Villa Celimontana. The Caelian Hill is the site of the Basilica of Santi Giovanni e Paolo and the ancient basilica of Santo Stefano Rotondo.
Subdivisions
The regio was divided into seven vici (districts) and 3,600 insulae (blocks). It had two curators and 48 Roman magistrates.
Features
The regio contained seven aediculae (shrines), 127 domūs (patrician houses), 27 horrea (warehouses), 85 balneae (bath houses) and 65 loci (fountains). It also contained the ludus matutinus, a gladiator school.