Citation 1965 c 73 | Royal assent 8 December 1965 | |
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Amended by Race Relations Act 1968 Repealed by Race Relations Act 1976 | ||
The Race Relations Act 1965 was the first legislation in the United Kingdom to address racial discrimination.
Contents
The Act outlawed discrimination on the "grounds of colour, race, or ethnic or national origins" in public places.
It also prompted the creation of The Race Relations Board (in 1966), to consider complaints under the Act.
Reasons for the Act's introduction
The UK saw an influx of economic migrants after World War II, many from the Commonwealth countries. The Museum of London states that "casual ‘colour prejudice’ was part of daily life" for many. In 1958, London saw the Notting Hill riots, and in 1963 the Bristol Bus Boycott occurred.
Outline
The Act made it a civil offence (rather than a criminal offence) to refuse to serve a person, to serve someone with unreasonable delay, or to overcharge, on the grounds of colour, race, or ethnic or national origins. The Act also created the offense of "incitement to racial hatred."
The first conviction under the act came in October 1967, when a 17-year-old member of the National Socialist Party was found guilty of racial discrimination at Middlesex Area Sessions. The leader of the British National Socialist Movement, John Colin Campbell Gordon was also successfully prosecuted under the Act and jailed for 18 months in 1967.
Black immigrants were also tried for this offence including Black Power leader Michael Abdul Malik and four members of the Universal Coloured People's Association for "stirring up racial hatred against white people."
Limitations
The Act did not extend to Northern Ireland, and specifically excluded shops and private boarding houses, only outlawing discrimination in "places of public resort." The Race Relations Board was rather weak in its enforcement capabilities, being limited to conciliation and an assurance not to return to the discriminatory behavior. It was "a weak piece of legislation" and failed to end racial discrimination in the UK fully.
Amendment and repeal
The Act was strengthened with the Race Relations Act 1968, which extended the legislation's remit to cover employment and housing. It was repealed by the Race Relations Act 1976, which saw the creation of the Commission for Racial Equality.