1858–1967 → Established 1858 Capital Mukalla | Government Sultanate Disestablished 17 September 1967 | |
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HRH Sultan Ghalib II bin Awadh Al Qu'aiti Historical era 19th and 20th centuries |
Qu'aiti (Arabic: القعيطي al-Qu‘ayṭī), officially the Qu'aiti State in Hadhramaut (Arabic: الدولة القعيطية الحضرمية) or the Qu'aiti Sultanate of Shihr and Mukalla (Arabic: سلطنة الشحر والمكلاا al-Salṭanah al-Qu‘ayṭīyah fī ash-Shiḥr wal-Mukallā), was a sultanate in the Hadhramaut region of the southern Arabian Peninsula, in what is now Yemen. Covering approximately 70,000 square miles, roughly the size of England and Wales, Qu'aiti was the third largest kingdom in Arabia after Saudi Arabia and Oman. Its capital was Mukalla and it was divided into six provinces including Mukalla, Ash Shihr, Shibam, Du'an, the Western Province and Hajr.
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History
Sons of Umar bin Awadh al Qu'aiti, who became a jemadar in the forces of the Nizam of Hyderabad State (now in India), first took the town of Shibam from the rival Kathiris in 1858. They later conquered Ash Shihr in 1866 and Mukalla in 1881, largely replacing the Kathiris to control most of the Hadhramaut coast on the Gulf of Aden. They entered into treaty relations with the British in 1888 and created a unified sultanate in 1902 that would become a part of the Aden Protectorate.
As Great Britain planned for the eventual independence of South Arabia in the 1960s, Qu’aiti declined to join the British-sponsored Federation of South Arabia but remained under British protection as part of the Protectorate of South Arabia. Despite promises of a UN referendum to assist in determining the future of the Qu'aiti state in South Arabia on 17 September 1967, Communist forces overran the kingdom and, in November of that year, the Qu’aiti State was integrated forcibly without a referendum into Communist South Yemen. South Yemen united with North Yemen in 1990, again without a referendum, to become the Republic of Yemen.
Current Qu'aiti royal family
Sultan Ghalib holds an MA from the University of Oxford in Oriental Studies (Islamic History) and another in Arabian Studies from the University of Cambridge, both with honours. The Sultan graduated from Millfield School. He has been a Saudi resident since 1968, currently residing in Jeddah. He has working knowledge of seven languages including Arabic, English, French, German, Persian, Turkish and Urdu/Hindi, which supports his research of various historical periods and geographic regions. Sultan Ghalib is the author of The Holy Cities, The Pilgrimage and The World of Islam.
Qu'aiti sultans
- Sultan Abdullah bin Omer Al Quaiti ruled 1882-1888
- Sultan Awadh I bin Omar Al Qu'aiti – Ruled 1902–1909
- Sultan Ghalib I bin Awadh Al Qu'aiti – Ruled 1909–1922
- Sultan Omar bin Awadh Al Qu'aiti – Ruled 1922–1936
- Sultan Sir Saleh bin Ghalib Al Qu'aiti KCMG - Ruled 1936-1956
- Sultan Awadh II bin Saleh al Qu'aiti – Ruled 1956–1966, married (a) Salma, married (b) Fatima, married (c) Princess Sahibzadi Nazirunissa Begum, granddaughter of the 6th Nizam Mahbub Ali Pasha, daughter of Nazir Nawaz Jung, son of Amir-e-Paigah (Viqar-ul-Umrah) Sultan-ul-Mulk and Princess Shahzadi Saheba Dawoodunisssa Begum, of and also married Amina, and had issue:
- Sultan Ghalib II bin Awadh al Qu'aiti (see above "Current Royal Family")
- Princess Saleha bint Awadh al Qu'aiti
- Prince Omar bin Awadh al Qu'aiti married and has issue: princesses Noor bint Omar Awadh Al Qu'aiti, Maha bint Omar Awadh Al Qu'aiti, Sara bint Omar Awadh Al Qu'aiti, Ghada bint Omar Awadh Al Qu'aiti, Leila bint Omar Awadh Al Qu'aiti and princes Hussain bin Omar Awadh Al Qu'aiti and Mohammed bin Omar Awadh Al Qu'aiti
Qu'aiti state postage stamps
Aden postage stamps depicting Sultan Saleh: