Pure bending is a condition of stress where a bending moment is applied to a beam without the simultaneous presence of axial, shear, or torsional forces. Pure bending occurs only under a constant bending moment (M) since the shear force (V), which is equal to
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Kinematics of pure bending
- In pure bending the axial lines bend to form circumferential lines and transverse lines remain straight and become radial lines.
- Axial lines that do not extend or contract form a neutral surface.
Assumptions made in the theory of Pure Bending
- The material of the beam is homogeneous1 and isotropic2.
- The value of Young's Modulus of Elasticity is same in tension and compression.
- The transverse sections which were plane before bending, remain plane after bending also.
- The beam is initially straight and all longitudinal filaments bend into circular arcs with a common centre of curvature.
- The radius of curvature is large as compared to the dimensions of the cross-section.
- Each layer of the beam is free to expand or contract, independently of the layer, above or below it.
Notes: 1 Homogeneous means the material is of same kind throughout. 2 Isotropic means that the elastic properties in all directions are equal.