Prostaglandin D2 synthase

Function

The protein encoded by this gene is a glutathione-independent prostaglandin D synthase that catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin H2 (PGH₂) to prostaglandin D2 (PGD₂). PGD₂ functions as a neuromodulator as well as a trophic factor in the central nervous system. PGD₂ is also involved in smooth muscle contraction/relaxation and is a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. This gene is preferentially expressed in brain. Studies with transgenic mice over-expressing this gene suggest that this gene may be also involved in the regulation of non-rapid eye movement sleep. Furthermore, PTGDS and its product PGD₂ are elevated in the bald-scalp areas of men with male pattern baldness (androgenetic alopecia).

Clinical use

Prostaglandin D₂ synthase is used clinically as a diagnostic marker for liquorrhea, that is, to check whether fluid leaking from the nose or ear contains cerebrospinal fluid. This is important in the assessment of head trauma severity. In a medical context, the older term "β-trace protein" is frequently used to refer to PTGDS.