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Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe Altenburg

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Tenure
  
1640–1675

Religion
  

Name
  
Princess Sophie

House
  
House of Wettin

Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg

Born
  
10 October 1619 Halle (
1619-10-10
)

Issue
  
Elisabeth Dorothea, Landgravine of Hesse-DarmstadtFrederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-AltenburgAlbert, Duke of Saxe-CoburgBernhard I, Duke of Saxe-MeiningenHenry, Duke of Saxe-RomhildChristian, Duke of Saxe-EisenbergPrincess Dorothea MariaErnest, Duke of Saxe-HildburghausenJohann Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

Father
  
Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg

Mother
  
Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel

Spouse
  
Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha (m. 1636)

Children
  
John Ernest IV, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

Parents
  
Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg, Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg

Grandchildren
  
Ernest Louis, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt

Similar
  
Dorothea Maria of Anhalt, Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick Wolfenbüttel, Elisabeth Eleonore of Brunswick Wolfenbüttel

Died
  
December 20, 1680 (aged 61), Gotha, Germany

Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg (Halle, 10 October 1619 – Gotha, 20 December 1680), was a princess of Saxe-Altenburg and, by marriage, duchess of Saxe-Gotha.

Contents

She was the only daughter of Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg and Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.

Life

In Altenburg on 24 October 1636, Elizabeth Sophie married her kinsman Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha. As a dowry, she received 20,000 guilders, who were pledged by the town of Roßla. As Widow's seat, the bride obtained the towns of Kapellendorf and Berka, with the called Gartenhaus in Weimar.

Because according to the succession laws of the House of Saxe-Altenburg (which excluded the women from inheritance), after her father died two years later (1 April 1639), he was succeeded by his brother, Frederick Wilhelm II.

When her cousin, the duke Frederick Wilhelm III died childless in 1672, Elisabeth Sophie became in the general heiress of all the branch of Saxe-Altenburg on the basis of her father's testament (as it was ultimately recognized in law that the Salic Law does not prevent an agnate from willing all his possessions to those other agnates of the house he desires to make his heirs, leaving other agnates without; and if those favored agnates also happened to be the testator's son-in-law and maternal grandsons, that's in no way prohibited).

Ernest I of Saxe-Gotha claimed the whole succession of Saxe-Altenburg, claimed both being the closest male relative and his wife's rights. However, the other branch of the family, the Dukes of Saxe-Weimar didn't accept that will, opening a succession dispute.

Finally, Elisabeth Sophie and Ernst's sons received the lion's share of Saxe-Altenburg inheritance, but a portion (a quarter of the original duchy of Saxe-Altenburg) passed to the Saxe-Weimar branch. Hence, the Ernestine line of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg was founded, which would exist until 1825.

When Duke Ernst I died in 1675, his numerous sons divided the inheritance (five eighths of all Ernestine lands) into seven parts: Gotha-Altenburg, Coburg, Meiningen, Römhild, Eisenberg, Hildburghausen and Saalfeld. Of them, Coburg, Römhild and Eisenberg did not survive over that one generation and were divided between the four remaining lines.

Of the four remaining duchies, only two branches survive until today: Meiningen and Saalfeld (which eventually became the house of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha). Through the Saalfeld branch, Elisabeth Sophie is a direct ancestress of the British Royal Family.

After her husband's death, Elisabeth Sophie changed the towns originally given to her as Widow's seat in her marriage for the towns of Reinhardsbrunn and Tenneberg. Under the name "the Chaste", she was a member of the Virtuous Society.

Issue

Ernst and Elisabeth Sophie had eighteen children:

  1. Johann Ernest (b. Weimar, 18 September 1638 - d. Weimar, 27 November 1638).
  2. Elisabeth Dorothea (b. Coburg, 8 January 1640 - d. Butzbach, 24 August 1709), married on 5 December 1666 to Louis VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt.
  3. Johann Ernest (b. Gotha, 16 May 1641 - d. of smallpox, Gotha, 31 December 1657).
  4. Christian (b. and d. Gotha, 23 February 1642).
  5. Sophie (b. Gotha, 21 February 1643 - d. of smallpox, Gotha, 14 December 1657).
  6. Johanna (b. Gotha, 14 February 1645 - d. [of smallpox?] Gotha, 7 December 1657).
  7. Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. Gotha, 15 July 1646 - d. Friedrichswerth, 2 August 1691).
  8. Albert, Duke of Saxe-Coburg (b. Gotha, 24 May 1648 - d. Coburg, 6 August 1699).
  9. Bernhard I, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen (b. Gotha, 10 September 1649 - d. Meiningen, 27 April 1706).
  10. Henry, Duke of Saxe-Römhild (b. Gotha, 19 November 1650 - d. Römhild, 13 May 1710).
  11. Christian, Duke of Saxe-Eisenberg (b. Gotha, 6 January 1653 - d. Eisenberg, 28 April 1707).
  12. Dorothea Maria (b. Gotha, 12 February 1654 - d. Gotha, 17 June 1682).
  13. Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (b. Gotha, 12 June 1655 - d. Hildburghausen, 17 October 1715).
  14. Johann Philip (b. Gotha, 1 March 1657 - d. Gotha, 19 May 1657).
  15. Johann Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (b. Gotha, 22 August 1658 - d. Saalfeld, 17 February 1729).
  16. Johanna Elisabeth (b. Gotha, 2 September 1660 - d. Gotha, 18 December 1660).
  17. Johann Philip (b. Gotha, 16 November 1661 - d. Gotha, 13 March 1662).
  18. Sophie Elisabeth (b. Gotha, 19 May 1663 - d. Gotha, 23 May 1663).

Their eldest son Frederick was the first to inherit this title. His granddaughter from this son, Anna Sophie of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg, was a direct matrilineal ancestor of George V of the United Kingdom and Nicholas II of Russia. His younger son John was father to Franz Josias, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.

References

Princess Elisabeth Sophie of Saxe-Altenburg Wikipedia