Preceded by W. Arthur Winstead Party Republican Party Political party Republican Name Prentiss Walker | Alma mater Mississippi College Role Farmer Battles and wars World War II Occupation Farmer Education Mississippi College Resigned January 3, 1967 | |
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Born August 23, 1917
Taylorsville, Smith County
Mississippi, USA ( 1917-08-23 ) Resting place Zion Hill Cemetery in Magee, Mississippi Died June 5, 1998, Magee, Mississippi, United States | ||
Service/branch United States Army Succeeded by Gillespie V. Montgomery | ||
Prentiss Lafayette Walker (August 23, 1917 – June 5, 1998) was an American farmer, businessman, and politician from Mississippi. In 1964, he became the first Republican in the 20th century to be elected to the United States House of Representatives from his home state.
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Private life
Walker was born in Taylorsville in Smith County in south central Mississippi. He attended public schools in Las Cruces, New Mexico, and in Taylorsville and Mize, also in Smith County. In 1936, he attended Southern Baptist-affiliated Mississippi College in Clinton, Mississippi.
During World War II, he served in the United States Army in the Pacific Theater of Operations. After his military duties, he returned to his previous work as a chicken farmer in Smith County and became president of Walker Egg Farms, Inc., based in Mize. From 1937 to 1963, he was the owner of Walker’s Supermarket. In 1960, Walker served on the executive committee of the Mississippi Game and Fish Commission under Governor Ross Barnett. Prentiss Walker Lake (originally called Ross Barnett Lake) near Mize is named in his honor.
Walker and his wife, the former Dimple Howell (1919-2013), the last surviving of six children of the former Emily Dorilla Johnson (1880-1977) and John Fleming Howell (1882-1967), had two daughters, Treta Walker Butler and husband James of Mize and Jan Walker Magee of Magee, Mississippi. Prentiss and Dimple Walker are interred in Mize at Zion Hill Missionary Baptist Church Cemetery.
Political career
In 1964, Walker was a delegate to the Republican National Convention, which met in San Francisco, California, and he ran as a Republican in Mississippi's 4th congressional district, in the northeastern part of the state. He unseated 11-term incumbent W. Arthur Winstead by some seven thousand votes, an eleven-point margin. It was the first Republican breakthrough in Mississippi since Elza Jeffords served a term in Congress from 1883 to 1885. Walker's victory is considered to have been strongly influenced by the campaign of Barry Goldwater, who carried Mississippi in the 1964 presidential election with a huge 87 percent of the vote. Goldwater won many of the counties in the district with greater than 90 percent of the vote; two, Holmes and Noxubee counties, gave him a staggering 96.6 percent, tied for his best showing in the nation.
Walker relinquished his House seat after only one term; he instead challenged U.S. Senator James Eastland. He ran well to Eastland's right and accused the veteran senator of being too friendly with then U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson and of not doing enough to block integration-friendly judges in his position as chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee. Like Eastland, Walker had voted against the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and solely focused on the white vote in his Senate race. In the words of Claude Ramsey, president of the Mississippi AFL-CIO, Walker tried to "outsegregate" Eastland, but most white voters stayed with Eastland, who finished with 65.6 percent of the vote.
With 105,652 votes, Walker polled 26.7 percent of the general election vote. His supporters included African-Americans in southwestern Mississippi, which came as a surprise given Walker's open support for segregation. Black voters had entered the political process under the Voting Rights Act of 1965 and carried Claiborne and Jefferson counties for Walker in protest of Eastland as a "Democratic Regular".
Years later, Wirt Yerger, the chairman of the Mississippi Republican Party in the 1960s, said that Walker's decision to relinquish his House seat after one term for the vagaries of a Senate race against Eastland was "very devastating" to the growth of the GOP in Mississippi.
In 1966, State Representative Lewis McAllister of Meridian, the first Republican elected to the lower chamber of the state House since Reconstruction, sought to hold Walker's House seat for the GOP, but victory went to fellow state representative Gillespie V. "Sonny" Montgomery, also of Meridian, who held the seat for thirty years. Walker tried to unseat Montgomery in 1968 but polled only 30 percent of the ballots. When Walker again ran for the Senate against Eastland in 1972, as an Independent rather than a Republican, he drew only 14,662 votes (2.3 percent). The Moderate Republican Gil Carmichael, a former intra-party critic of the conservative Walker, trailed with 249,779 votes (38.7 percent), as Eastland won handily, 375,102 (58.1 percent).
Reagan anecdote
At a Republican fundraiser at the Mississippi Coliseum in the capital city of Jackson on June 20, 1983, U.S. President Ronald W. Reagan told the following anecdote:
Former Congressman Prentiss Walker, who I understand is here today, tells a story about his first campaign. He dropped in on a farm and introduced himself as a Republican candidate. And as he tells it, the farmer's eyes lit up, and then he said, "Wait till I get my wife. We've never seen a Republican before."
And a few minutes later he was back with his wife, and they asked Prentiss if he wouldn't give them a speech. Well, he looked around for kind of a podium, something to stand on, and then the only thing available was a pile of that stuff that the late Mrs. Truman said it had taken her thirty-five years to get Harry to call "fertilizer."