Developer(s) ENEA AB Operating system | Development status Active | |
Initial release 30 June 1993; 23 years ago (1993-06-30) Stable release 9.1 / 24 March 2016; 11 months ago (2016-03-24) Written in C++, plus Java for the JDBC driver and C# for part of the ADO.NET data provider for Polyhedra | ||
Polyhedra is a family of relational database management systems offered by ENEA AB, a Swedish company. The original version of Polyhedra (now referred to as Polyhedra IMDB) was an in-memory database management system which could be used in high availability configurations; in 2006 Polyhedra Flash DBMS was introduced to allow databases to be stored in flash memory. All versions employ the client–server model to ensure the data are protected from misbehaving application software, and they use the same SQL, ODBC and type-4 JDBC interfaces. Polyhedra is targeted primarily for embedded use by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), and big-name customers include Ericsson, ABB, Emerson, Lockheed Martin, United Utilities and Siemens AG.
Contents
Polyhedra company history
Polyhedra development was started in 1991 by Perihelion Technology Ltd, a subsidiary of Perihelion Software Ltd (PSL); initially, the project had a working title the "Perihelion Application Toolkit", but was soon renamed Polyhedra (using a left-over trademark from another PSL project). There was a management buyout of PTL in 1994, and the company name changed to Polyhedra plc to match the name of the product. Polyhedra plc was in turn acquired by Enea AB in 2001. All development and support is still done in the English town of Shepton Mallet, where PSL was based.
Features
Tim King, the founder of Perihelion Software Ltd, developed a relational DBMS for historical data as part of his PhD work; Dave Stoneham, who set up PTL, had previously developed a SCADA system. Building on these experiences, Polyhedra was originally developed "to bring the benefits of relational technology to the embedded market". To this end, it had to be small footprint, very fast... and it had to avoid the need for polling, which is a performance killer. Consequently, it was designed from the start to:
Polyhedra IMDB achieves data persistence through the use of snapshots and journal logging; Polyhedra Flash DBMS uses shadow paging, with 2 levels of recursion. In addition, Polyhedra can be used in hot-standby configurations for improved availability. The transactional model used by all Polyhedra products ensures atomicity, consistency and isolation (as defined by the ACID properties); durability is enforced in Polyhedra Flash DBMS, while in Polyhedra IMDB clients can choose the durability model when they issue their transactions.
"The Polyhedra DBMS system is fundamentally different compared to other relational systems, because of its active behaviour. This is achieved through two mechanisms, active queries and by the control language (CL). An active query looks quite like a normal query where some data is retrieved and/or written, but instead the query stays in the database until explicitly aborted. When a change in the data occurs that would alter the result of the query, the application is notified. The CL, which is a fully object-oriented script language that supports encapsulation, information hiding and inheritance, can determine the behaviour of data in the database. This means that methods, private or public, can be associated with data performing operations on them without involving the application."
Polyhedra is not a general-purpose DBMS, as the restricted transactional model does not meet all needs, and its fault-tolerance model is based on the hot-standby approach (to minimise hardware costs) rather than clustering (which is better for load-sharing). However, its limitations are benefits in embedded use, where the emphasis in a deployed application is on performance and cost rather than handling continually varying usage patterns.
Most of the Polyhedra products are made available for purchase under a proprietary license, but in 2012 Enea released Polyhedra Lite under a freeware license.
Release History
Platforms
Polyhedra IMDB runs in 32-bit mode on Linux (first ported to this platform in 1995), Windows (since 1995), and Solaris (1994); if the operating system is running in 64-bit mode, the 64-bit version of Polyhedra IMDB (also known as Polyhedra64) will also run on the platform, which gives greater memory addressability and thus greater capacity. Polyhedra32 will also run on various real-time operating systems including Wind River Systems VxWorks (since 1996; currently both VxWorks5.5 and VxWorks6 are supported), LynuxWorks LynxOS (2004), Green Hills INTEGRITY (2005), and the OSE operating system from ENEA AB (since 1999). In the past, Polyhedra was also available on the following operating systems, all now defunct or not used in the target markets: AIX, Digital UNIX, IRIX, pSOS, REAL/IX, SCO UNIX, ULTRIX, Vax VMS, and Windows CE.