This article lists political parties in Russia. Russia has a multi-party system. Currently there are four parties that make up the federal parliament, the State Duma, with one dominant party (United Russia).
After the Perestroika reforms in the 1990s, there were over 100 registered parties in Russia, but the people elected to the State Duma showcased only a small number of parties. Since 2000, during Vladimir Putin's presidency, the number of parties quickly decreased. From 2008 to 2012 there were only 7 parties in Russia, and every new attempt to register new, independent parties was blocked. The last registered party was the government-organized Right Cause. Before the 2011 parliamentary elections, about 10 opposition parties were denied registration. However, after a series of mass protests and a 2011 European Court decision on the case of the Republican Party of Russia, the law was changed and the number of registered parties quickly increased to more than 48 in December 2012.
In Russian politics, a "party of power" is a specially established party which unconditionally supports the current president or prime minister in the parliament.
These parties have been considered parties of power:
Interregional Group of Deputies/Democratic Russia (1990-1993, Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union/Congress of People's Deputies of Russia/Supreme Soviet of Russia)
Choice of Russia (1993-1995) and Party of Russian Unity and Accord headed by Sergey Shakhray
Our Home – Russia (1995-1999)
Ivan Rybkin Bloc (considered as a potential left "party of power", during Russian legislative election, 1995)
Unity (1999-2001/2003)
A Just Russia (2006-2008/2010, the second "party of power", supporting Vladimir Putin and opposing United Russia)
United Russia (2001–present)
According to studies, United Russia voters in 2007 were younger and more market-oriented than the average voter. The party's electorate includes a substantial share of government employees, pensioners and military personnel, who are dependent on the state for their livelihood. Sixty-four percent of United Russia supporters are female. According to researchers, this could be because women place a great value on stability. In the run-up to the 2011 Duma elections, it was reported that support for United Russia was growing among young people.
All parties registered by the Ministry of Justice have the right to participate in any elections all over the country. The list is placed on the Justice Ministry website. In December 2012, there were 48 registered parties in Russia; 4 of them are currently represented in the State Duma.
United Russia (343)
Communist Party (42)
Liberal Democratic Party (39)
A Just Russia (23)
Rodina (1)
Civic Platform (1)
Independent (1)
Patriots of Russia
Yabloko
Civic Platform (Russia)
Communists of Russia
Communist Party of Social Justice
Party of Growth
Rodina (political party)
Russian Party of Pensioners for Justice
Green Alliance–The People's Party
Anna Freire
Republican Party of Russia – People's Freedom Party
Democratic Union (Демократический Союз, Demokraticheskiy soyuz) (1988–present)
All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks (Всесоюзная Коммунистическая партия большевиков, ВКПБ, Vsesoyuznaya Kommunisticheskaya Partiya bol'shevikov, VKPb) (1991–present)
Russian Communist Workers' Party – Revolutionary Party of Communists (Российская Коммунистическая Рабочая Партия – Революционная Партия Коммунистов, Rossiiskaja Kommunističeskaja Rabočaja Partija – Revolyutsionnaja Partija Kommunistov) (2001–present)
Russian People's Democratic Union (Российский народно-демократический союз, Rossiiskyi narodno-demokratichesky soyuz) (2007–present)
Great Russia (Великая Россия, Velikaya Rossiya) (2007–present)
Pirate Party of Russia (2009–present)
The Other Russia (2010–present)
Alliance of the Revolutionary Socialists (Союз революционных социалистов, СРС, Soyuz Revolutsionnykh Sotsialistov, SRS)
Merged into United Russia:
Unity (1999–2001)
Fatherland – All Russia (1998–2002)
Our Home – Russia (1995–2001)
Agrarian Party of Russia (1993–2008)
Merged into A Just Russia:
People's Party of the Russian Federation (Народная партия Российской Федерации, Narodnaya partiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii)
Rodina or Motherland-National Patriotic Union (Партия "РОДИНА", Rodina - Narodno-Patrioticheskiy Soyuz)
Russian Party of Life (Российская партия жизни, Rossiyskaya Partiya Zhizni)
Russian Pensioners' Party (Российская партия пенсионеров, Rossiyskaya Partiya Pensionerov)
United Socialist Party of Russia (Социалистическая единая партия России, Sotsialisticheskaya yedinaya partiya Rossii)
Party of Social Justice (Партия социальной справедливости, Partiya Sotsial'noy Spravedlivosti)
Russian Ecological Party "The Greens" (Российская экологическая партия «Зеленые», Rossiiskaya ekologicheskaya partiya "Zyelyonyye")
Merged to form Right Cause:
Civilian Power (Гражданская Сила, Grazhdanskaya Sila)
Democratic Party of Russia (Демократическая партия России, Demokraticheskaya partiya Rossii)
Union of Rightist Forces (Союз Правых Сил, Soyuz Pravykh Sil)
Merged into Communist Party of the Russian Federation:
People's Union (Народный Союз, Narodnyi Soyuz)
Merged into Patriots of Russia:
Party of Peace and Unity (Российская политическая партия Мира и Единства, Rossiyskaya politicheskaya partiya Mira i Edinstva)
Beer Lovers Party (Партия любителей пива, Partiâ lûbitelej piva)
Conceptual Party Unity (Yedineniye)
Russian Section of the Committee for a Workers' International (Социалистическое Сопротивление)
Social Democratic Party of Russia (Социал-демократическая партия России, Social-Demokraticheskaya partiya Rossii)
Christian Democratic Party of Russia (Российская Христианско-Демократическая партия)
Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Коммунистическая партия Советского Союза, KPSS '92)
Conservative Party of Russia (Консервативная партия России)
Eurasia Party (Евразия, Yevraziya)
Green Alternative (Зелёная Альтернатива)
Green Russia (Зеленая Россия)
Communist Party of the Soviet Union
National Bolshevik Party (Национал-большевистская партия, Natsional-bol'shevitskaya partiya)
Hizb ut-Tahrir (Хизб ут-Тахрир)
Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Коммунисти́ческая Па́ртия Сове́тского Сою́за, Kommunističeskaja Partija Sovetskogo Soujuza). Factions:
Anti-Party Group
Group of Democratic Centralism
Left Communists
Left Opposition
Right Opposition
United Opposition
Workers' Opposition
Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union
Constitutional Democratic Party (Российская Конституционно-демократическая партия, Rossiyskaya Konstitutsionno-demokraticheskaya partiya)
Union of October 17
Party of Democratic Reform
Socialist-Revolutionary Party (Партия Социалистов-революционеров, Partija Socialistov-revoljucionerov)
Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
Trudoviks
Popular Socialists
Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (Росси́йская Социа́л-Демократи́ческая Рабо́чая Па́ртия, Rossijskaja Social-demokrastičeskaja Rabočaja Partija). Factions:
Bolsheviks
Mensheviks
Mezhraiontsy
Yedinstvo
Polish Socialist Party
Social Democracy of the Kingdom of Poland and Lithuania
General Jewish Labour Bund in Lithuania, Poland and Russia
Jewish Socialist Workers Party
Union of the Russian People
For Holy Russia (За Русь Святую, Za Rus’ Svyatuyu)
Jewish Social Democratic Labour Party (Poalei Zion), a 1906-1928 Zionist socialist political party in Russia
Pamyat (Память, Pamyat')
People's National Party (Народная национальная партия, Narodnaya natsional'naya partiya)
Russian Maoist Party (Российская маоистская партия, Rossiyskaya maoistskaya partiya)
Russian Movement
Russian National Socialist Party (previously Russian National Union) (Русская Национальная Социалистическая Партия, Russkaya Natsional'naya Socialisticheskaya partiya)
Russian National Unity (Русское Национальное Единство, Russkoye Natsional'noye Yedinstvo)
Union of Social Democrats (Союз социал-демократов)
Communists of Russia (Коммунисты России)
Russian Section of the Committee for a Workers' International (Социалистическое Сопротивление)
