Nationality French Known for Trade unionism Died June 27, 1960 | Occupation Printer Name Pierre Monatte | |
Born 15 January 1881 ( 1881-01-15 ) | ||
Pierre Monatte (15 January 1881 – 27 June 1960) was a French trade unionist, a founder of the Confederation generale du travail (CGT, Generation Confederation of Labour) at the beginning of the 20th century, and founder of its journal La Vie Ouvriere (Workers' Life) on 5 October 1909. Monatte has been considered one of the great figures of revolutionary syndicalism.
Life
Pierre Monatte was born on 15 January 1881. He became a worker in the printing industry. Alphonse Merrheim arrived in Paris in 1904, and soon after met Monatte at the office of Pages Libres. The two men would work together to launch La Vie Ouvriere (The Worker's Life). In 1914 Pierre Monatte and Alfred Rosmer led the internationalist core of La Vie ouvriere (The Worker's Life).
Monatte often referred himself to Fernand Pelloutier and did not disguise his anarchist sympathies, although he drifted away from this current of Socialism after the International Anarchist Congress of Amsterdam in 1907. During this congress, Monatte argued in particular with Errico Malatesta concerning the methods of organisation: invoking the 1906 Charter of Amiens which established the principle of "political neutrality" of the trade-unions, Monatte considered syndicalism itself to be revolutionary, while Malatesta advocated the creation of some sort of anarchist organisation to superate internal conflicts among the workers' movement itself.
During World War I (1914–18) Monatte opposed the Union sacree national bloc, and resigned in 1915 from the confederal instances. Heading the internal opposition in the CGT, in April 1919 Monatte founded the Comites syndicalistes revolutionnaires (Revolutionary Syndicalist Committees) inside the CGT. At the CGT's first postwar congress, held in Lyon from 15-21 September 1919, Monatte was among the leaders of the minority, with Joseph Tommasi, Raymond Pericat and Gaston Monmousseau. This group denounced the CGT membership in the Amsterdam International of Labor Unions, said the CGT majority had broken with the principles of syndicalism and lost faith in revolution by dealing with the government. The minority wanted the CGT to join the Communist International.
In 1923, Monatte joined the French Communist Party (PCF) and was close to Boris Souvarine and Alfred Rosmer. Along with them, he was excluded at the end of 1924 of the party at the occasion of an internal purge against "leftist"s elements of the party who supported Leon Trotsky. Then, Monatte founded in January 1925 the journal La Revolution proletarienne (The Proletarian Revolution), along with Robert Louzon. The journal enjoyed an appreciated audience among trade-unionists and left-wing activists during the inter-war period.