Peabody is a surname, and may refer to:
Dwight Peabody (1894–1972), American football player
Elizabeth Peabody (1804–1894), American educator
Endicott Peabody (1920–1997), American politician, governor of Massachusetts (1963-1965)
Endicott Peabody (educator) (1857–1944), American Episcopal priest and founder of the Groton School for Boys
Francis Greenwood Peabody (1847–1936), American minister and Harvard professor
Frank Elmer Peabody (1914–1958), American paleontologist
F. H. Peabody (fl. 1870s), American former vice-president (1874-1877) and director (1870-1879) of the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway company (1874-1877), the city of Peabody, Kansas is named in his honor
Francis S. Peabody (1858–1922), American businessman, founder of Peabody Energy as Peabody Coal in 1883
George Peabody (1795–1869), American entrepreneur, London-based banker and philanthropist who founded the Peabody Institute, Museums, and Trust
George Foster Peabody (1852–1938), American Southern banker and philanthropist for whom the Peabody Award is named
James Hamilton Peabody (1852–1917), American politician, twice governor of Colorado (1903-1905 & 1905)
Joseph Peabody (1757–1844), American shipowner and merchant of Salem, Massachusetts
Catherine Endicott Peabody (1837–1898), American art patron, wife of John Lowell Gardner II and daughter of Joseph Peabody
Lucy Whitehead McGill Waterbury Peabody (1861–1949), American Baptist missionary
Nathaniel Peabody (1741–1823), American physician, Continental Congressman, state representative, and senator for New Hampshire
Nathaniel Peabody (Boston) (1774–1855), American Boston Brahmin, father of Elizabeth Palmer, Mary Tyler, Sophia Amelia
Raymond A. Peabody (1883-1973), American politician
Richard R. Peabody (1892–1936), American author of The Common Sense of Drinking, a major influence on Alcoholics Anonymous founder Bill Wilson
Sophia Peabody Hawthorne (1809–1871), American painter and illustrator, wife of author Nathaniel Hawthorne
