Pavel Golubitzky

Biography

From an early age he was fascinated by the device electromagnetic equipment. In 1870 he graduated from the physico-mathematical faculty of St. Petersburg University.

In 1878-1881 he worked in the workshop of Bandera-Galician railway.

In 1878 he created a telephone of original construction, the so-called phone vibrator.

Major inventions took place in the 1880-ies. In 1882 he designed a multi-pole phone. By this time the phone line was already organized in many cities around the world. However, it was of poor quality, and in 1883 at the Munich electrical exhibition of the expert Commission was given the conclusion that the system used "is suitable for the transmission of sound at distances up to ten kilometers."

Golubitsky studied the causes of the poor phone lines and found that the low sensitivity and poor stability of the phone are explained by the influence of the magnetic field at the center of the membrane, which forms a node of vibration. Golubitsky changed the design, removing the source of interference. The design of the new phone was very simple — the two poles of the magnet were located eccentrically relative to the center of the membrane that did not cause any additional deformation.

In 1883 the phone Golubitsky have been demonstrated in Europe. Was organized to test the connection on the line from Paris to Nancy. A Commission of the French naval Ministry recognized Golubitskiy telephones unsurpassed. Devices its design has passed the test when talks for a distance of over 350 kilometers.

In 1883 Pavel M. Golubitsky for Railways has developed a special telephone equipment, which has received a certificate:

Given this statement of Paul M. Golubitsky that in the month of November last 1883 to them, Golubitsky, was arranged in the company's management Board the Kursk harkovo-Azov railway. D. the Central Bureau of three directions and three telephone stations with microphones Hadad, phones Golubitsky and signals Abanka, which are perfectly served its purpose, namely, of the Bureau, it was possible to call any station, to join with her in conversation, give a connection with another station and at the end of their conversation to be notified about the call to separation stations. Speech was transmitted clearly and loudly, the elevation of the voice did not harm the qualities of voice transmission, the Board shall inform its signed with a stamp.

Later Golubitskiy telephones were installed at the Nikolaev railway, for official use. In the same, 1883 Golubitsky improved microphone, by typing the microphone with carbon powder. In 1884 Golubitsky began testing onboard telephone, which was able to liaise with the engineer on any railway station. In 1885 they designed a microphone with a centralized location of coal, the proposed power supply system of microphones subscribers from a common battery located at the Central telephone station. This invention enabled the creation of large urban telephone networks. In 1886 Golubitskiy invented the commutator for pairwise connection of several telephone lines.

Work on the train the phone was finished in 1888, a public tryout was held April 14 on a segment of the Nikolaev railway "St. Petersburg 2" — "Obukhovo". Train the device was placed in the baggage wagon, two stationary apparatus were installed at the stations "Petersburg 2" and "Obuhovo".

The purpose of the test was to prove that in any place the railway can carry on a conversation with the two stations, together and separately. In the middle section of the route the train was stopped. Train the device was connected by wire to the railway Telegraph line and ground. Connection was installed, which took less than 5 minutes, with repeated tests on other sites the connection time is reduced by half. When connected to line Telegraph used a special pole with a steel clip on the end, designed Golubitsky.

When testing both answered the call immediately. The phone on the train were dictated two dispatches. At the stations they were immediately recorded and spoken back to check. When two hearing AIDS, giving you the opportunity to listen to the message to two persons at once, which reduces the chance of error. Then the train went to the station "Obukhovo"; from there, the conversation was straight to the station "St. Petersburg 2". Conversation was not required special raising your voice. Responses were heard quite clearly. To repeat the same phrase twice not met the need. Commission expertise is acknowledged completely successful, as evidenced in compiled about the Protocol signed by all present.

For a long time the phone Golubitsky became the main operational tool of communication on the Railways. In 1883 at the Nikolayev railway 10 devices were installed for service orders. Also was the phone is a Moscow-Podolsk. Phone Golubitsky firmly entrenched in operation.

Works

Literature