Music Mikhail Glinka, 1833 Relinquished 27 December 2000 | Adopted 23 November 1990 | |
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The Patriotic Song (of Glinka) (Russian: Патриотическая Песнь Глинки, Patrioticheskaya Pesn' Glinki; also translatable as "A Patriotic Song") was the state and national anthem of the Russian SFSR and of the Russian Federation from 1990 to 2000. It was originally the anthem of the RSFSR between 1990–1991 before its successor state the Russian Federation was constituted in 1991.
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History
The song originally was not a song but a composition for piano without lyrics, written by Mikhail Glinka (1804–1857) and entitled (in French) Motif de chant national. The song has been confused with the closing chorus of Glinka's opera A Life for the Tsar, probably because both begin with the same word ("Slav'sya"), but the two compositions are unrelated (though the operatic music, too, has been suggested as a candidate for the Russian national anthem).
The melody of the "Patriotic song" resembles the melody of the Lenten hymn Christe, qui lux es et dies, by the Polish composer Venceslaus Samotulinus (1526–1560)—which is not surprising because of the Polish roots of Glinka's family.
In the 1990 Boris Yeltsin chose the tune as the new Russian national anthem and was officially adopted on 23 November 1990 by the Supreme Soviet of Russia, and confirmed in 1993 when the Constitution of the Russian Federation was enacted. Also favored by the Russian Orthodox Church, the music went without lyrics for several years. In 1999 Viktor Radugin won a contest to provide suitable words for the anthem with his poem Славься, Россия! ("Slav'sya, Rossiya!" - "Be glorious, Russia!"). However, no lyrics and none of the entries were ever adopted.
This anthem proved to be unpopular with the Russian public and with many politicians and public figures, because of its tune and lack of lyrics, and consequently its inability to inspire Russian athletes during international competitions.
Glinka's anthem was replaced soon after Yeltsin's successor as President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, first took office on 7 May 2000. The federal legislature established and approved the music of the National Anthem of the Soviet Union, with newly written lyrics, in December 2000. Yeltsin criticized Putin for supporting the reintroduction of the Soviet-era national anthem even though opinion polls showed that many Russians favored this decision.
Above the Motherland Majestically
Above the Motherland Majestically (Nad Otchiznoy Velichavo) by Vladimir Kalinkin, written in 1998 was another proposed set of lyrics. Performed by honored Russian artist Vladimir Detayov, the Duma was made aware of this piece's existence in April 1999. At the initiative of the Ministry of Ethnic Policy of Russia, this record was first publicly presented at the First Congress of the Assembly of Peoples of Russia. During the summer of that year, the anthem was performed on the radio station "Radio of Russia" and the TV channel "Moskoviya", devoted to writing the text of the anthem of the country.
In January 2000, was carried out in a new orchestral arrangement demo studio recording of this project anthem performed by the National Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments Russia it. NP Osipova and the Russian State Academic Choir of them. AV Sveshnikov. Overall the song received very positive reviews, although like "Slav'sya Rossiya", never attained official status.