The Paranapanema block is a coherent block of lithosphere located in southeastern South America spanning roughly the same area as the ParanĂ¡ Basin. The existence of a tectonically stable zone beneath the ParanĂ¡ Basin was first suggested in 1975. Despite difficulties in accessing the buried Paranapanema block it is inferred it must be composed mostly of orthogneiss and the it existed before the Brasiliano orogeny.
References
Paranapanema block Wikipedia(Text) CC BY-SA