Papua or Papuan may refer to:
Relating to the island of New Guinea
New Guinea, a large island in the southwest Pacific Ocean
Papuan people, who are indigenous to New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
Papuan languages, spoken by Papuan peoples
Papua New Guinea, an independent country comprising the eastern half of the island of New Guinea
Territory of Papua and New Guinea (1949–1975), an Australian-administered predecessor of Papua New Guinea
Territory of Papua (1884–1949), a British/Australian-administered territory in southeastern New Guinea, united in 1949 with Territory of New Guinea to the north
Territory of New Guinea (1919–1975), an Australian administered territory
Papua Region, one of the four current regions of Papua New Guinea, roughly coterminous with the former Territory of Papua
Western New Guinea, the Indonesian western half of the island of New Guinea, known officially as Papua from 2002 to 2003
Papua conflict, a separatist conflict in the region of West Papua
Papua (province), the larger, eastern province within the region of West Papua
West Papua (province), the smaller, western province within the region of West Papua
Gulf of Papua, a region on the south shore of New Guinea
Papua Beach, Cumberland West Bay, South Georgia
Papua Island, off the north coast of Joinville Island, Antarctica
HMS Papua (K588), a British frigate in service in the Royal Navy from 1944 to 1945
