The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the September 11 attacks and their consequences:
Contents
- Before the attacks
- Emergency response
- Casualties
- Perpetrators
- Consequences
- Military
- Social
- Political
- Economic
- Memorials
- Rebuilding
- People and organizations
- Locations and structures
- Aircraft used in the attacks
- Investigations
- Film television literature and photography
- Categories
- References
The September 11 attacks were four coordinated suicide attacks upon the United States in New York City and the Washington, D.C., area on September 11, 2001. On that Tuesday morning, 19 terrorists from the Islamist militant group al-Qaeda hijacked four passenger jets. The hijackers intentionally crashed two planes, American Airlines Flight 11 and United Airlines Flight 175, into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City; both towers collapsed within two hours. Hijackers crashed American Airlines Flight 77 into the Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia. The fourth jet, United Airlines Flight 93, crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, after passengers attempted to take control before it could reach the hijacker's intended target in Washington, D.C. Nearly 3,000 died in the attacks, and the 9/11 attacks have had broad and lasting consequences to military policy, politics, and foreign relations. Effects have also been seen in literature, film, and popular culture.
Before the attacks
On the morning of September 11, 2001, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners, intentionally crashing two into the World Trade Center in New York City. The hijackers crashed a third airliner into the Pentagon. The fourth plane crashed in a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Nearly 3,000 victims and the 19 hijackers died in the attacks.
Emergency response
Casualties
Perpetrators
The leader of al Qaeda, Osama bin Laden, eventually claimed responsibility for the attacks.
Consequences
Military
The United States launched the War on Terror, invading Afghanistan.
Social
Political
The US enacted the USA PATRIOT Act. Many other countries also strengthened their anti-terrorism legislation and expanded law enforcement powers.
Economic
Some American stock exchanges stayed closed for the rest of the week following the attack and posted enormous losses on reopening, especially in the airline and insurance industries. The destruction of billions of dollars' worth of office space caused serious damage to the economy of Lower Manhattan.
Memorials
The Pentagon Memorial was built adjacent to the building. The rebuilding process has started on the World Trade Center site. In 2006, a new office tower was completed on the site of 7 World Trade Center. The new One World Trade Center was later built and was completed in 2014. Three more towers were originally expected to be built between 2007 and 2012 on the site, but are now delayed to 2018. Ground was broken for the Flight 93 National Memorial on November 8, 2009, and the first phase of construction is expected to be ready for the 10th anniversary of the attacks on September 11, 2011.
Rebuilding
People and organizations
Locations and structures
The original World Trade Center (WTC) was a complex of seven buildings in Lower Manhattan in New York City that was destroyed September 11, 2001. The site is being rebuilt with six new skyscrapers and a memorial to the casualties of the attacks.