The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to diabetes:
Diabetes – group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced, a condition called insulin resistance. The resultant high blood sugar produces the classical symptoms of polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst) and polyphagia (increased hunger).
Diabetes can be described as a:
A class of metabolic diseases
A class of systemic diseases
Prediabetes –
Main types of diabetes:
Diabetes mellitus type 1 – disease that results in autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 – metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.Disease of affluence – type 2 diabetes is one of the "diseases of affluence", which include mostly chronic non-communicable diseases for which personal lifestyles and societal conditions associated with economic development are believed to be important risk factors.
Gestational diabetes – Gestational diabetes, is a temporary condition that is first diagnosed during pregnancy. Like type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes causes blood sugar levels to become too high.It involves an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child.
Other types of diabetes:
Congenital diabetes –
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes –
Steroid diabetes –
Monogenic diabetes –
Signs and symptoms of diabetes
Symptoms of prediabetes – prediabetes typically has no distinct signs or symptoms. Patients should monitor for signs and symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (see below).
Signs and symptoms of Type II diabetes mellitus
Symptoms of type II diabetes mellitus include:
Constant hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Weight gain
Flu-like symptoms, including weakness and fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow healing of cuts or bruises
Tingling or loss of feeling in hands or feet
Recurring gum or skin infections
Recurring vaginal or bladder infections
Acetone odor during Diabetic KetoaAcidosis (DKA)
Genetic causes of diabetes mellitus type 1
Genetic causes of diabetes mellitus type 2
Lifestyle causes of diabetes mellitus type 2
Impaired glucose tolerance –
Currently, there is no way to prevent diabetes mellitus type 1.
Preventing diabetes mellitus type 2 – entails a lifestyle with a routine, regime, or self care program that includes the following:
Maintaining a healthy weight –
Proper nutrition –
Regular physical exercise – in addition to helping to maintain a healthy weight, sufficient vigorous physical exercise increases cells' sensitivity to insulin, and can thus prevent and possibly revert insulin resistance.
Medication – specific medications have been shown to be able to prevent type 2 diabetes. However, the disease can often be delayed through proper nutrition and regular exercise.
Insulin therapy
Insulin
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharide (simple carbohydrate) –
Insulin index
Glycemic index
Glycemic load
Medical research related to low-carbohydrate diets
Atkins diet
Atkins Nutritionals
Robert Atkins (nutritionist)
William Banting
Richard K. Bernstein
Diabetic diet (low-carb)
CarbSmart ice cream products
Ketogenic diet
Low-glycemic index diet
Meatatarian - all meat diet, generally not recommended by nutritionists.
Montignac diet
No-carbohydrate diet
Pritikin diet
Shirataki noodles
South Beach Living
Stillman diet
Sugar Busters!
Gary Taubes
Zone diet
History of diabetes
Paul Langerhans
Joseph von Mering
Oskar Minkowski
Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
Frederick Banting
Charles Herbert Best
James Collip
Harold Percival Himsworth
