Samiksha Jaiswal (Editor)

Obsolete Finnish units of measurement

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The obsolete Finnish units of measurement consist mostly of a variety of units traditionally used in Finland that are similar to those that were traditionally used in other countries and are still used in the United Kingdom (imperial units) and the United States (United States customary units).

Contents

Very few of these units are sometimes still used in everyday speech and even when buying and measuring things as shorthand for similar amounts in the metric system. For example, kappa (sometimes called isokappa) is still used at markets to measure exactly 5 liters of potatoes. When ordering firewood, some customers (and even dealers) use syli to refer to a cubic meter, but some old people use the term to refer to various much larger amounts of firewood.

The Finnish obsolete units of measurement were derived from natural actions or objects such body parts, later standardised for the purpose of commerce. Some Swedish and, later, Russian, units were also used.

The measurements were first standardized by law in 1665 and were revised in 1735. Before this, measurements often varied between towns. The king's bailiff in the town of Porvoo, for example, used two sets of measures: a big one for collecting tax in kind from the populace and a smaller set to remit the assets to the king, keeping the difference for himself. However, nowadays the proverb mitata Porvoon mitalla (to measure in Porvoo units) has a positive meaning of measuring in excess or generously.

Certain units were standardized to the metric system in 1861, and Finland fully converted to the metric system in 1880.

Maritime units

  • meripeninkulma – 1,852 m. Same as nautical mile. One angular minute at equator.
  • kaapelinmitta – 185.2 m. 110 of a nautical mile.
  • syli – 1.852 m. 11,000 of a nautical mile. Seldom used.
  • solmu – nautical miles per hour. Speed unit.
  • Obsolete:

  • merisekunti* – 30.8666 m. 160 of nautical mile
  • meritertia* – 0.51444 m. 13,600 of nautical mile
  • Miscellaneous

  • askel (pace) – Roughly one meter for an adult male—a rough but convenient way to measure distances while walking.
  • hehto – hectoliter, 100 liters, potatoes
  • kivenheitto (Throw of a rock) – 100 kyynärä (approx 50 m). Today to describe something to be very near.
  • poronkusema – (approximately 7.5 km). A Sami measurement of distance; the distance a reindeer can travel before needing to stop to urinate. Today used to describe something that is at a very obscure distance away.
  • Poronkusemaa kuukaudessa – (poronkusemas per month) similar to furlongs per fortnight, about 2.9 mm/s
  • tusina – 12
  • toltti – 12 (lumber)
  • tiu – 20 (eggs)
  • puntti – 20 (matchboxes)
  • kerpo – 31 (lampreys; 30 as a bunch and one for tying)
  • krossi – 144 (pencils)
  • kiihtelys – 40 (squirrel pelts)
  • riisi – 500 (paper sheets)
  • tonni – 1,000 (usually refers to 1,000 kg, but can refer also anything of 1,000, especially money)
  • motti – 1 m3 (firewood or waste paper)
  • References

    Obsolete Finnish units of measurement Wikipedia