November 21

Events

164 BC – Judas Maccabeus, son of Mattathias of the Hasmonean family, restores the Temple in Jerusalem. This event is commemorated each year by the festival of Hanukkah.

235 – Pope Anterus succeeds Pontian as the nineteenth pope. During the persecutions of emperor Maximinus Thrax he is martyred.

1009 – Lý Công Uẩn is enthroned as emperor of Đại Cồ Việt, founding the Lý dynasty.

1386 – Timur of Samarkand captures and sacks the Georgian capital of Tbilisi, taking King Bagrat V of Georgia captive.

1620 – Plymouth Colony settlers sign the Mayflower Compact (November 11, O.S.)

1676 – The Danish astronomer Ole Rømer presents the first quantitative measurements of the speed of light.

1783 – In Paris, Jean-François Pilâtre de Rozier and François Laurent d'Arlandes, make the first untethered hot air balloon flight.

1789 – North Carolina ratifies the United States Constitution and is admitted as the 12th U.S. state.

1832 – Wabash College is founded in Crawfordsville, Indiana.

1861 – American Civil War: Confederate President Jefferson Davis appoints Judah Benjamin Secretary of War.

1877 – Thomas Edison announces his invention of the phonograph, a machine that can record and play sound.

1894 – Port Arthur, China, falls to the Japanese, a decisive victory of the First Sino-Japanese War, after which Japanese troops are accused of the massacre of the remaining inhabitants of the city.

1902 – The Philadelphia Football Athletics defeated the Kanaweola Athletic Club of Elmira, New York, 39–0, in the first ever professional American football night game.

1905 – Albert Einstein's paper, "Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?", is published in the journal Annalen der Physik. This paper reveals the relationship between energy and mass. This leads to the mass–energy equivalence formula, E = mc².

1910 – Sailors on board Brazil's most powerful military units, including the brand-new warships Minas Geraes, São Paulo, and Bahia, violently rebel in what is now known as the Revolta da Chibata (Revolt of the Lash).

1916 – Mines from SM U-73 sink the HMHS Britannic, the largest ship lost in the First World War.

1918 – The Flag of Estonia, previously used by pro-independence activists, is formally adopted as the national flag of the Republic of Estonia.

1918 – A pogrom takes place in Lwów (now Lviv); over three days, at least 50 Jews and 270 Ukrainian Christians are killed by Poles.

1920 – Irish War of Independence: In Dublin, 31 people are killed in what became known as "Bloody Sunday". This included eleven British intelligence agents, fifteen Irish civilians, two Irish Republican Army prisoners, and three men caught in the crossfires. The wife of one of the British agents gave birth to a stillborn child after witnessing her husband's assassination.

1922 – Rebecca Latimer Felton of Georgia takes the oath of office, becoming the first female United States Senator.

1927 – Columbine Mine massacre: Striking coal miners are allegedly attacked with machine guns by a detachment of state police dressed in civilian clothes.

1942 – The completion of the Alaska Highway (also known as the Alcan Highway) is celebrated (however, the highway is not usable by general vehicles until 1943).

1945 – The United Auto Workers strike 92 General Motors plants in 50 cities to back up worker demands for a 30-percent raise.

1950 – Two Canadian National Railway trains collide in northeastern British Columbia in the Canoe River train crash; the death toll is 21, with 17 of them Canadian troops bound for Korea.

1953 – The Natural History Museum, London announces that the "Piltdown Man" skull, initially believed to be one of the most important fossilized hominid skulls ever found, is a hoax.

1959 – American disc jockey Alan Freed, who had popularized the term "rock and roll" and music of that style, is fired from WABC-AM radio over allegations he had participated in the payola scandal.

1961 – The "La Ronde" opens in Honolulu, first revolving restaurant in the United States

1962 – The Chinese People's Liberation Army declares a unilateral ceasefire in the Sino-Indian War.

1964 – The Verrazano–Narrows Bridge opens to traffic. (At the time it is the world's longest bridge span.)

1964 – Second Vatican Council: The third session of the Roman Catholic Church's ecumenical council closes.

1967 – Vietnam War: American General William Westmoreland tells news reporters: "I am absolutely certain that whereas in 1965 the enemy was winning, today he is certainly losing."

1969 – U.S. President Richard Nixon and Japanese Premier Eisaku Satō agree in Washington, D.C., on the return of Okinawa to Japanese control in 1972. Under the terms of the agreement, the U.S. is to retain its rights to bases on the island, but these are to be nuclear-free.

1969 – The first permanent ARPANET link is established between UCLA and SRI.

1970 – Vietnam War: Operation Ivory Coast: A joint United States Air Force and Army team raids the Sơn Tây prisoner-of-war camp in an attempt to free American prisoners of war thought to be held there.

1971 – Indian troops, partly aided by Mukti Bahini (Bengali guerrillas), defeat the Pakistan army in the Battle of Garibpur.

1972 – Voters in South Korea overwhelmingly approve a new constitution, giving legitimacy to Park Chung-hee and the Fourth Republic.

1974 – The Birmingham pub bombings kill 21 people. The Birmingham Six are sentenced to life in prison for the crime but subsequently acquitted.

1977 – Minister of Internal Affairs Allan Highet announces that the national anthems of New Zealand shall be the traditional anthem "God Save the Queen" and "God Defend New Zealand", by Thomas Bracken (lyrics) and John Joseph Woods (music), both being of equal status as appropriate to the occasion.

1978 – French pop star Dalida performed a concert at New York's Carnegie Hall.

1979 – The United States Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, is attacked by a mob and set on fire, killing four.

1980 – A deadly fire breaks out at the MGM Grand Hotel in Paradise, Nevada (now Bally's Las Vegas). Eighty-seven people are killed and more than 650 are injured in the worst disaster in Nevada history.

1985 – United States Navy intelligence analyst Jonathan Pollard is arrested for spying after being caught giving Israel classified information on Arab nations. He is subsequently sentenced to life in prison.

1986 – Iran–Contra affair: National Security Council member Oliver North and his secretary start to shred documents allegedly implicating them in the sale of weapons to Iran and channeling the proceeds to help fund the Contra rebels in Nicaragua.

1992 – A major tornado strikes the Houston, Texas area during the afternoon. Over the next two days the largest tornado outbreak ever to occur in the US during November spawns over 100 tornadoes before ending on 23 November.

1995 – The Dayton Agreement is initialed at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, near Dayton, Ohio, ending three and a half years of war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The agreement is formally ratified in Paris on 14 December that same year.

1996 – Humberto Vidal explosion: Thirty-three people die when a Humberto Vidal shoe shop explodes.

2002 – NATO invites Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia to become members.

2004 – The second round of the Ukrainian presidential election is held, giving rise to massive protests and controversy over the election's integrity.

2004 – The island of Dominica is hit by the most destructive earthquake in its history. The northern half of the island sustains the most damage, especially the town of Portsmouth. It is also felt in neighboring Guadeloupe, where one person is killed.

2004 – The Paris Club agrees to write off 80% (up to $100 billion) of Iraq's external debt.

2006 – Anti-Syrian Lebanese politician and government minister Pierre Gemayel is assassinated in suburban Beirut.

2009 – A mine explosion in Heilongjiang province, northeastern China, kills 108.

2012 – At least 28 are wounded after a bomb is thrown onto a bus in Tel Aviv.

2013 – The first of to become massive protests start in Ukraine after President Viktor Yanukovych suspended signing the Ukraine–European Union Association Agreement.

2014 – A stampede in Kwekwe, Zimbabwe caused by the police firing tear gas kills at least eleven people and injures 40 others.

2015 – The government of Belgium imposed a security lockdown on Brussels, including the closure of shops, schools, public transportation, due to information about potential terrorist attacks.

Births

1495 – John Bale, English bishop and historian (d. 1563)

1567 – Anne de Xainctonge, French saint, founded the Society of the Sisters of Saint Ursula of the Blessed Virgin (d. 1621)

1692 – Carlo Innocenzo Frugoni, Italian poet and academic (d. 1768)

1694 – Voltaire, French historian, playwright, and philosopher (d. 1778)

1718 – Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg, German composer, critic, and theorist (d. 1795)

1729 – Josiah Bartlett, American physician and politician, 6th Governor of New Hampshire (d. 1795)

1737 – José Antonio Alzate y Ramírez, Spanish-Mexican scientist and cartographer (d. 1799)

1760 – Joseph Plumb Martin, American sergeant (d. 1850)

1768 – Friedrich Schleiermacher, German theologian, philosopher, and scholar (d. 1834)

1787 – Samuel Cunard, Canadian businessman, founded the Cunard Line (d. 1865)

1811 – Zeng Guofan, Chinese general and politician, Viceroy of Liangjiang (d. 1872)

1818 – Lewis H. Morgan, American lawyer, anthropologist, and theorist (d. 1881)

1835 – Hetty Green, American businesswoman and financier (d. 1916)

1840 – Victoria, Princess Royal of England (d. 1901)

1851 – Désiré-Joseph Mercier, Belgian cardinal and theologian (d. 1926)

1852 – Francisco Tárrega, Spanish guitarist and composer (d. 1909)

1853 – Hussein Kamel of Egypt (d. 1917)

1854 – Pope Benedict XV (d. 1922)

1866 – Sigbjørn Obstfelder, Norwegian poet and author (d. 1900)

1866 – Konishiki Yasokichi I, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 17th Yokozuna (d. 1914)

1870 – Alexander Berkman, Lithuanian-American activist and author (d. 1936)

1870 – Joe Darling, Australian cricketer and politician (d. 1946)

1870 – Stanley Jackson, English cricketer and politician (d. 1947)

1876 – Olav Duun, Norwegian author and educator (d. 1939)

1877 – Sigfrid Karg-Elert, German composer and educator (d. 1933)

1878 – Gustav Radbruch, German lawyer and politician, German Minister of Justice (d. 1949)

1882 – Harold Lowe, Welsh sailor (d. 1944)

1886 – Harold Nicolson, English author and politician (d. 1968)

1894 – Cecil M. Harden, American politician (d. 1984)

1897 – Mollie Steimer, Russian-American activist (d. 1980)

1898 – René Magritte, Belgian painter (d. 1967)

1899 – Jobyna Ralston, American actress (d. 1967)

1899 – Harekrushna Mahatab, Indian journalist and politician, 1st Chief Minister of Odisha (d. 1987)

1902 – Foster Hewitt, Canadian sportscaster (d. 1985)

1902 – Isaac Bashevis Singer, Polish-American novelist and short story writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1991)

1902 – Mikhail Suslov, Russian soldier, economist, and politician (d. 1982)

1904 – Coleman Hawkins, American saxophonist and clarinet player (d. 1969)

1908 – Leo Politi, Italian-American author and illustrator (d. 1996)

1908 – Elizabeth George Speare, American author and educator (d. 1994)

1912 – Eleanor Powell, American actress and dancer (d. 1982)

1913 – John Boulting, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1985)

1913 – Roy Boulting, English director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2001)

1913 – Gunnar Kangro, Estonian mathematician, author, and academic (d. 1975)

1914 – Nusret Fişek, Turkish physician and politician, Turkish Minister of Health (d. 1990)

1914 – Henri Laborit, French physician and philosopher (d. 1995)

1915 – Norm Smith, Australian footballer and coach (d. 1973)

1916 – Sid Luckman, American football player and soldier (d. 1998)

1916 – Jadu Nath Singh, Indian soldier (d. 1948)

1919 – Paul Bogart, American director and producer (d. 2012)

1919 – Steve Brodie, American actor (d. 1992)

1919 – Joe Kieyoomia, American soldier (d. 1997)

1920 – Ralph Meeker, American actor (d. 1988)

1920 – Stan Musial, American baseball player and manager (d. 2013)

1922 – Abe Lemons, American basketball player and coach (d. 2002)

1924 – Joseph Campanella, American actor

1924 – Milka Planinc, Yugoslav politician, 28th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (d. 2010)

1924 – Christopher Tolkien, English author and academic

1925 – Xie Jin, Chinese director and screenwriter (d. 2008)

1925 – Veljko Kadijević, Croatian general and politician, 5th Federal Secretary of People's Defence (d. 2014)

1926 – Odd Børretzen, Norwegian singer, author, and illustrator (d. 2012)

1926 – Matti Ranin, Finnish actor and director (d. 2013)

1926 – William Wakefield Baum, American cardinal (d. 2015)

1927 – Georgia Frontiere, American businesswoman (d. 2008)

1929 – Marilyn French, American author and academic (d. 2009)

1929 – Laurier LaPierre, Canadian historian, journalist, and politician (d. 2012)

1930 – Marjan Rožanc, Slovenian journalist, author, and playwright (d. 1990)

1931 – Lewis Binford, American archaeologist and academic (d. 2011)

1931 – Revaz Dogonadze, Georgian chemist and physicist (d. 1985)

1931 – Stanley Kalms, Baron Kalms, English businessman

1931 – Malcolm Williamson, Australian pianist and composer (d. 2003)

1932 – Beryl Bainbridge, English author and screenwriter (d. 2010)

1932 – Pelle Gudmundsen-Holmgreen, Danish composer

1933 – Henry Hartsfield, American colonel, pilot, and astronaut (d. 2014)

1933 – Etta Zuber Falconer, American educator and mathematician (d. 2002)

1934 – Laurence Luckinbill, American actor, director, and playwright

1934 – Peter Philpott, Australian cricketer

1936 – Victor Chang, Chinese-Australian surgeon (d. 1991)

1937 – Ingrid Pitt, Polish-English actress (d. 2010)

1937 – Marlo Thomas, American actress, producer, and activist

1939 – R. Budd Dwyer, American educator and politician, 30th Treasurer of Pennsylvania (d. 1987)

1940 – Freddy Beras-Goico, Dominican comedian and television host (d. 2010)

1940 – Dr. John, American singer-songwriter and pianist

1940 – Richard Marcinko, American commander and author

1940 – Natalia Makarova, Russian ballerina, choreographer, and actress

1941 – İdil Biret, Turkish pianist and composer

1941 – Juliet Mills, English-American actress

1941 – David Porter, American songwriter, musician, and producer

1942 – Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul, German educator and politician

1943 – Phil Bredesen, American businessman and politician, 48th Governor of Tennessee

1943 – Jacques Laffite, French race car driver and sportscaster

1944 – Dick Durbin, American lawyer and politician

1944 – Earl Monroe, American basketball player and sportscaster

1944 – Harold Ramis, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 2014)

1945 – Goldie Hawn, American actress, singer, and producer

1948 – Michel Suleiman, Lebanese general and politician, 16th President of Lebanon

1948 – George Zimmer, American businessman, founded Men's Wearhouse

1950 – Hisham Barakat, Egyptian lawyer and judge (d. 2015)

1952 – Mervyn Davies, Baron Davies of Abersoch, Welsh banker and politician

1952 – Janne Kristiansen, Norwegian lawyer and jurist

1952 – Lorna Luft, American actress and singer

1953 – Tina Brown, English-American journalist and author

1954 – Thomas Rothman, American actor, producer, and screenwriter

1954 – Fiona Pitt-Kethley, English journalist, author, and poet

1955 – Peter Koppes, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist

1955 – Cedric Maxwell, American basketball player, coach, and sportscaster

1955 – Glenn Ridge, Australian radio and television host and producer

1956 – Cherry Jones, American actress

1958 – David Reivers, Jamaican-American actor and producer

1959 – Sergei Ratnikov, Estonian footballer and manager

1960 – Mark Bailey, English rugby player, author, and educator

1960 – Brian McNamara, American actor, director, and producer

1960 – Brian Ritchie, American bass player and songwriter

1961 – João Domingos Pinto, Portuguese footballer and manager

1962 – Steven Curtis Chapman, American Christian music singer-songwriter and musician

1963 – Dave Molyneux, Manx motorcycle racer

1963 – Nicollette Sheridan, English actress

1964 – Shane Douglas, American wrestler and manager

1964 – Charles Dunstone, English businessman, co-founded Carphone Warehouse

1964 – Olden Polynice, Haitian-American basketball player and coach

1964 – Stefan Sonnenfeld, American businessman, co-founded Company 3

1964 – Liza Tarbuck, English actress and radio host

1965 – Björk, Icelandic singer-songwriter

1965 – Reggie Lewis, American basketball player (d. 1993)

1965 – Alexander Siddig, Sudanese-English actor and director

1966 – Troy Aikman, American football player and sportscaster

1966 – Evgeny Bareev, Russian chess player and coach

1966 – Thanasis Kolitsidakis, Greek footballer

1967 – Ken Block, American race car driver

1967 – Tripp Cromer, American baseball player

1967 – Toshihiko Koga, Japanese martial artist

1968 – Andrew Caddick, New Zealand-English cricketer

1968 – Alex James, English singer-songwriter, bass player

1968 – Christopher Noxon, American journalist and author

1968 – Sean Schemmel, American voice actor, director, and screenwriter

1968 – Antonio Tarver, American boxer, sportscaster, and actor

1969 – Ken Griffey Jr., American baseball player and actor

1970 – Karen Davila, Filipino journalist

1970 – Justin Langer, Australian cricketer and coach

1971 – Michael Strahan, American football player, actor, and talk show host

1972 – Rich Johnston, English author and critic

1972 – Rain Phoenix, American actress and singer

1976 – Saleem Elahi, Pakistani cricketer

1976 – Martin Meichelbeck, German footballer

1976 – Daniel Whiston, English figure skater

1976 – Michael Wilson, Australian footballer

1977 – Annie, Norwegian singer, songwriter, record producer and DJ

1977 – Bruno Berner, Swiss footballer

1977 – Yolande James, Canadian lawyer and politician

1977 – Jonas Jennings, American football player

1978 – Daniel Bradshaw, Australian footballer

1978 – Lucía Jiménez, Spanish actress and singer

1979 – Vincenzo Iaquinta, Italian footballer

1979 – Stromile Swift, American basketball player

1979 – Alex Tanguay, Canadian ice hockey player

1980 – Hank Blalock, American baseball player

1980 – Alec Brownstein, American author and director

1980 – Leonardo González, Costa Rican footballer

1980 – Elaine Yiu, Hong Kong actress

1981 – Wesley Britt, American football player

1981 – Ainārs Kovals, Latvian javelin thrower

1981 – Jonny Magallón, Mexican footballer

1982 – Ioana Ciolacu, Romanian fashion designer

1982 – Georgios Kalogiannidis, Greek archer

1983 – Jamie Langley, English rugby player

1984 – Álvaro Bautista, Spanish motorcycle racer

1984 – Hope Dworaczyk, American model and television host

1984 – Callum Ferguson, Australian cricketer

1984 – Jena Malone, American actress and singer

1984 – Willy Mason, American singer-songwriter and guitarist

1985 – Carly Rae Jepsen, Canadian singer-songwriter and actress

1985 – Jesús Navas, Spanish footballer

1985 – Nicola Silvestri, Italian footballer

1986 – Colleen Ballinger, American comedian, actress, and singer

1986 – Ben Bishop, American ice hockey player

1986 – Kristof Goddaert, Belgian cyclist (d. 2014)

1987 – Brian Douwes, Dutch kick-boxer

1987 – Stefan Glarner, Swiss footballer

1987 – Eesha Karavade, Indian chess player

1988 – Len Väljas, Canadian skier

1988 – Preston Zimmerman, American soccer player

1989 – Will Buckley, English footballer

1989 – Dárvin Chávez, Mexican footballer

1989 – Fabian Delph, English footballer

1989 – Justin Tucker, American football player

1990 – Dani King, English cyclist

1990 – Georgie Twigg, English field hockey player

1991 – Almaz Ayana, Ethiopian sprinter

1991 – Lewis Dunk, English footballer

1991 – Peni Terepo, New Zealand rugby league player

1992 – Conor Maynard, English singer-songwriter

1992 – Rino Sashihara, Japanese singer

1993 – Elena Myers, American motorcycle racer

Deaths

615 – Columbanus, Irish missionary and saint (b. 543)

1011 – Emperor Reizei of Japan (b. 950)

1136 – William de Corbeil, English archbishop (b. 1070)

1150 – García Ramírez of Navarre (b. 1112)

1325 – Yury of Moscow, Prince of Moscow and Vladimir

1361 – Philip I, Duke of Burgundy (b. 1346)

1555 – Georgius Agricola, German mineralogist, philologist, and scholar (b. 1490)

1566 – Annibale Caro, Italian poet and author (b. 1507)

1579 – Thomas Gresham, English merchant and financier (b. 1519)

1639 – Henry Grey, 8th Earl of Kent, English politician, Lord Lieutenant of Bedfordshire (b. 1583)

1652 – Jan Brożek, Polish mathematician, physician, and astronomer (b. 1585)

1695 – Henry Purcell, English organist and composer (b. 1659)

1730 – François de Troy, French painter and engraver (b. 1645)

1775 – John Hill, English botanist and author (b. 1719)

1782 – Jacques de Vaucanson, French engineer (b. 1709)

1811 – Heinrich von Kleist, German poet and author (b. 1777)

1844 – Ivan Krylov, Russian poet and playwright (b. 1769)

1859 – Yoshida Shōin, Japanese academic and politician (b. 1830)

1861 – Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire, French priest and activist (b. 1802)

1870 – Karel Jaromír Erben, Czech historian and poet (b. 1811)

1874 – Marià Fortuny, Spanish painter (b. 1838)

1881 – Ami Boué, German-Austrian geologist and ethnographer (b. 1794)

1899 – Garret Hobart, American lawyer and politician, 24th Vice President of the United States (b. 1844)

1907 – Paula Modersohn-Becker, German painter (b. 1876)

1908 – Carl Friedrich Schmidt, German-Russian geologist and botanist (b. 1832)

1909 – Peder Severin Krøyer, Norwegian-Danish painter (b. 1851)

1916 – Franz Joseph I of Austria (b. 1830)

1922 – Ricardo Flores Magón, Mexican journalist and activist (b. 1874)

1926 – Edward Cummins, American golfer (b. 1886)

1928 – Heinrich XXVII, Prince Reuss Younger Line (b. 1858)

1938 – Leopold Godowsky, Polish-American pianist and composer (b. 1870)

1941 – Henrietta Vinton Davis, American actress and playwright (b. 1860)

1942 – Count Leopold Berchtold, Austrian-Hungarian politician, Foreign Minister of Austria-Hungary (b. 1863)

1942 – J. B. M. Hertzog, South African general and politician, 3rd Prime Minister of South Africa (b. 1866)

1945 – Robert Benchley, American humorist, newspaper columnist, and actor (b. 1889)

1945 – Al Davis, American boxer (b. 1920)

1945 – Ellen Glasgow, American author (b. 1873)

1945 – Alexander Patch, American general (b. 1889)

1953 – Felice Bonetto, Italian race car driver (b. 1903)

1953 – Larry Shields, American clarinet player and composer (b. 1893)

1957 – Francis Burton Harrison, American general and politician, 6th Governor-General of the Philippines (b. 1873)

1958 – Mel Ott, American baseball player, manager, and sportscaster (b. 1909)

1959 – Max Baer, American boxer, referee, and actor (b. 1909)

1963 – Artur Lemba, Estonian composer and educator (b. 1885)

1963 – Robert Stroud, American ornithologist and author (b. 1890)

1967 – C. M. Eddy, Jr., American author (b. 1896)

1970 – Newsy Lalonde, Canadian lacrosse and ice hockey player (b. 1887)

1970 – C. V. Raman, Indian physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1888)

1973 – Thomas Pelly, American lawyer and politician (b. 1902)

1974 – John B. Gambling, American radio host (b. 1897)

1974 – Frank Martin, Swiss-Dutch pianist and composer (b. 1890)

1975 – Gunnar Gunnarsson, Icelandic author (b. 1889)

1980 – Sara García, Mexican actress (b. 1895)

1981 – Harry von Zell, American actor and comedian (b. 1906)

1982 – John Hargrave, English activist and author (b. 1894)

1984 – Ben Wilson, American basketball player (b. 1967)

1986 – Jerry Colonna, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1904)

1986 – Dar Robinson, American actor and stuntman (b. 1947)

1988 – Carl Hubbell, American baseball player and scout (b. 1903)

1989 – Harvey Hart, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1928)

1989 – Margot Zemach, American author and illustrator (b. 1931)

1990 – Dean Hart, Canadian wrestler and referee (b. 1954)

1991 – Sonny Werblin, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1907)

1992 – Kaysone Phomvihane, Laotian soldier and politician, 2nd President of Laos (b. 1920)

1992 – Ricky Williams, American singer-songwriter and drummer (b. 1956)

1993 – Bill Bixby, American actor (b. 1934)

1994 – Willem Jacob Luyten, Dutch-American astronomer and academic (b. 1899)

1995 – Peter Grant, English actor and manager (b. 1935)

1995 – Noel Jones, Indian-English diplomat, British ambassador to Kazakhstan (b. 1940)

1996 – Bernard Rose, English organist and composer (b 1916)

1996 – Abdus Salam, Pakistani-English physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1926)

1999 – Quentin Crisp, English actor, author, and illustrator (b. 1908)

2000 – Ernest Lluch, Spanish economist and politician (b. 1937)

2001 – Salahuddin of Selangor (b. 1926)

2002 – Hadda Brooks, American singer-songwriter and pianist (b. 1916)

2005 – Alfred Anderson, Scottish soldier (b. 1896)

2005 – Hugh Sidey, American journalist and academic (b. 1927)

2006 – Hassan Gouled Aptidon, Somalian-Djiboutian politician, 1st President of Djibouti (b. 1916)

2006 – Pierre Amine Gemayel, Lebanese lawyer and politician (b. 1972)

2007 – Fernando Fernán Gómez, Spanish actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1921)

2007 – Tom Johnson, Canadian-American ice hockey player and coach (b. 1928)

2007 – Noel McGregor, New Zealand cricketer (b. 1931)

2009 – Konstantin Feoktistov, Russian engineer and astronaut (b. 1926)

2010 – Norris Church Mailer, American author (b. 1949)

2010 – David Nolan, American activist and politician (b. 1943)

2010 – Margaret Taylor-Burroughs, American painter and author, co-founded the DuSable Museum of African American History (b. 1917)

2011 – Anne McCaffrey, American-Irish author (b. 1926)

2012 – Emily Squires, American director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1941)

2013 – John Egerton, American journalist and author (b. 1935)

2013 – Fred Kavli, Norwegian-American businessman and philanthropist, founded The Kavli Foundation (b. 1927)

2013 – Dimitri Mihalas, American astronomer and author (b. 1939)

2013 – Vern Mikkelsen, American basketball player and coach (b. 1928)

2013 – Bernard Parmegiani, French composer (b. 1927)

2013 – Tôn Thất Đính, Vietnamese general (b. 1926)

2013 – Maurice Vachon, Canadian-American wrestler (b. 1929)

2014 – J. C. Gilbert, American soldier, farmer, and politician (b. 1922)

2014 – John H. Land, American soldier and politician (b. 1920)

2014 – Robert Richardson, English general (b. 1929)

2015 – Gil Cardinal, Canadian director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1950)

2015 – Ameen Faheem, Indian-Pakistani poet and politician (b. 1939)

2015 – Bob Foster, American boxer and police officer (b. 1938)

2015 – Anthony Read, English screenwriter and producer (b. 1935)

2015 – Joseph Silverstein, American violinist and conductor (b. 1932)

Holidays and observances

Armed Forces Day (Bangladesh)

Armed Forces Day (Greece)

Christian feast day:

Pope Gelasius I

Presentation of the Blessed Virgin Mary

William Byrd, John Merbecke and Thomas Tallis (Episcopal Church (USA))

November 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

General Framework Agreement Day (Republika Srpska)

No Music Day

World Hello Day

World Television Day (United Nations observance)