A nonce word (also called an occasionalism) is a lexeme created for a single occasion to solve an immediate problem of communication. Some nonce words have a meaning and may become an established part of the language, while others are essentially meaningless and disposable and are useful for exactly that reason, for instance in child language testing. Examples of such words include "wug" (see Wug test) and "blicket".
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Lexicology
The term is used because such a word is created "for the nonce". All nonce words are also neologisms. The term nonce word was apparently the creation of James Murray, the influential editor of the Oxford English Dictionary.
In child development studies
Nonce words are sometimes used to study the development of language in children because they allow researchers to test how children treat words of which they have no prior knowledge. This permits inferences about the default assumptions children make about new word meanings, syntactic structure, etc. "Wug" is among the earliest known nonce words used in language learning studies, and is best known for its use in Jean Berko's "Wug test", in which children were presented with a novel object, called a wug, and then shown multiple instances of the object and asked to complete a sentence that elicits a plural form—e.g., "This is a wug. Now there are two of them. There are two...?" The use of the plural form "wugs" by the child suggests that they have applied a plural rule to the form, and that this knowledge is not specific to prior experience with the word but applies to all nouns, whether familiar or novel.
Other examples
A poem by Seamus Heaney entitled "Nonce Words" is included in his collection District and Circle.
Other examples of nonce words include: