Name Nikolai Meck | ||
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Nikolai Karlovich von Meck (1863–1929) was a Russian engineer and entrepreneur involved in the development of the Russian railways during the first part of the twentieth century. He was put on trial as part of the Shakhty Trial and executed in 1929.
Contents
Life
Nikolai was the sixth son of Karl Otto Georg von Meck who came from an old Baltic-German noble family originally from Silesia and Nadezhda von Meck out of eleven children in total. His father Karl was among Russia’s first railroad-builders after Russia's defeat in the Crimean War motivated the tsar to make with the modernizing. Karl died suddenly in 1876. His mother inherited a substantial fortune and became a patron of the arts. Alongside her intense but platonic relationship with Pyotr Tchaikovsky, she also brought Nikolai into contact with such people as Claude Debussy, who stayed with the family as a young man. Nikolai recorded that Debussy acquired the family nickname "le boulliant Achille".
In 1883 Nikolai married Anna Davydova, the niece of Tchaikovsky.
He entered the Imperial College of Law in St. Petersburg. Deciding to give up a career lawyer and devote himself exclusively to the railway business, he asked his mother permission to leave school without receiving his degree. Lack of higher education did not stop him, he started his career with the development of the foundations, having worked at the depot fireman, engineer, clerk Nikolaev railway. Since 1884 a candidate member of the Board of the Moscow-Ryazan railway, and on November 1, 1890 a Member of the Board. In 1891 he was appointed to run the Moscow-Kazan railway.
More than a quarter-century, up to the nationalization in 1918, his name was linked to actively expand the company and its involvement in the development of the Russian transport system. For the first nine years of his management of the length of the lines of the Moscow-Kazan railway increased from 233 kilometers to 2.1 thousand kilometers. Achievements of the company were due to von Meck conducted technical policy to ensure the professionalism of staff, modernization of technical equipment, the thoroughness of the design and survey works. He enjoyed a well-deserved reputation not only for its own employees and business partners, but also in government circles and among members of the ruling house. The composition of the Company's shareholders included major banks of Russia.
In 1903, as chairman of the Board of the Moscow-Kazan Railway, responsible for organizing the pilgrimage of Nicholas II and his family in the Sarov monastery. Nikolai von Meck at the beginning of Russian-Japanese War led charity cargoes sent to the Far East Department of the Committee of Grand Duchess to raise funds in aid of the army under the shadow of the Russian Red Cross Society.
Taking care of training, he opened technical schools, the Company participated in the dissemination of useful activity books. It supports the organization of consumer cooperatives for the supply of railroad products.
In 1912, at the Moscow-sorting station began to build an apartment building, and the station Prozorovskaya founded a settlement, loan for purchase of plots which were given to employees of the road in the amount of three-year salary for a period of 10 years. The project involved the improvement of electricity and telephone networks, water supply, tram lines, hospitals, buildings of public meetings. Full implementation of plans prevented the war began in 1914.
In 1899, he bought one of the first car in Russia, became interested in motor sport, in 1903 became one of the founders and the first head of the Moscow Automobile Club, the organizer and the participants of the first Russian automobile races in 1910–11. The owner of the license plate in Moscow - 84, 588, 679.
Active member of many societes
Member of the Russian Automobile Society (RAA), Kiev Automobile Club (KAC), Life Member, formed in 1910 by the Imperial Russian Automobile Society (IRAS) - committee member, vice-president, a member of the technical commission.
- Member of the Board of the Russian Society of the sea, river and land transport and insurance of luggage and warehouses with the issuance of loans;
- Honorary trustee, honorary member of the volunteer fire brigade of Fominsk city;
- Fellow trustee of Trinity Hospital for terminally-ill women Society for the Promotion of diligence in Moscow;
- Member of the Imperial Philanthropic Society;
- Treasurer warehouse handicrafts, was held under the patronage of Her Most August Imperial Highness the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna;
- Member of the Moscow branch of the Imperial Russian Musical Society;
- Member of the Supervisory Board of the Office of the Moscow Synodal School of Church singing and Synod choir (the Moscow Synodal office in the Kremlin, the Head - Duke A.A.Shirinsky-Shikhmatov);
- A member of the Finance Committee, the Moscow Province Zemstvo Assembly 1913–1915;
- Deputy Chairman of the Moscow Society of aeronautics PA von Plehve (1910);
- Member of the organizing committee of the Moscow to collect donations on the fleet, donor funds for the construction of an airplane in 1913;
- Member of the Russian-American Chamber of Commerce;
- Member of the Historical and Genealogical Society in Moscow;
- Board of Trustees of a famous girls' school Bess, later its owner;
- Member of the Society spread of useful books;
- Member of the Board of the Russian-Asian Bank.
After the Communist revolution
Von Meck hoped that his knowledge and experience would continue to be useful to the Soviet state. He continued to take an interest in developing the railway transport system and served as a consultant to the financial and economic department of the People's Commissariat of Railways. He represented the Commissar on the State Planning Commission. Von Meck outlined his ideas in the field of economics and prospects for domestic rail transport in a series of books published between 1921 and 1927.
Despite this, due to his "bourgeois" origins, he was repeatedly arrested on various charges from 1919 onward, accused of, among other things, "counter-revolutionary speeches against the Soviet system" and being part of a "technological counter-revolution." He was arrested for the final time in 1928, and in May 1929 the OGPU (forerunner of the KGB) sentenced him to death for wrecking; that is, attempts to sabotage Soviet authority through substandard work. He was shot to death and his execution was announced on 24 May 1929.
Family
Nikolai and Anna had six children:
In 1904 von Meck adopted Helen, whose parents—each Nikolai Karlovich barrister Alexander Hackman and his wife died during the cholera epidemic, the mother of Academician Nikita N. Moiseev.
The best introduction of Nikolai von Meck could be the words of Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna, who described him as "an honest servant of the King and Fatherland".