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Neutral sixth

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Inverse
  
neutral third

Semitones
  
~8½

Just interval
  
18:11 or 13:8

Abbreviation
  
n6

Interval class
  
~3½

Equal temperament
  
800 or 900

Neutral sixth

A neutral sixth is a musical interval wider than a minor sixth  play  but narrower than a major sixth  play . Three distinct intervals may be termed neutral sixths:

  • The undecimal neutral sixth has a ratio of 18:11 between the frequencies of the two tones, or about 852.59 cents.  play 
  • A tridecimal neutral sixth has a ratio of 13:8 between the frequencies of the two tones, or about 840.53 cents. This is the smallest neutral sixth, and occurs infrequently in music, as little music utilizes the 13th harmonic.  play 
  • An equal-tempered neutral sixth is 850 cents, a hair narrower than the 18:11 ratio. It is an equal-tempered quarter tone exactly halfway between the equal-tempered minor and major sixths, and half of an equal-tempered perfect eleventh (octave plus fourth).  play 
  • These intervals are all within about 12 cents of each other and are difficult for most people to distinguish. Neutral sixths are roughly a quarter tone sharp from 12 equal temperament minor sixths and a quarter tone flat from 12-ET major sixths. In just intonation, as well as in tunings such as 31-ET, 41-ET, or 72-ET, which more closely approximate just intonation, the intervals are closer together.

    A neutral sixth can be formed by subtracting a neutral second from a minor seventh. Based on its positioning in the harmonic series, the undecimal neutral sixth implies a root one minor seventh above the higher of the two notes.

    Thirteenth harmonic

    13:8 (840.53 cents), the ratio of the thirteenth harmonic is notated in Ben Johnston's system as A13.

    This note is often corrected to a just or pythagorean ratio on the natural horn, but the pure thirteenth harmonic was used in pieces including Britten's Serenade for tenor, horn and strings.

    References

    Neutral sixth Wikipedia