Location Washington, D.C. First awarded 1963 | Country United States Instituted 1963 | |
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Awarded for Outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, biology, mathematics, engineering, or social and behavioral sciences. Presented by President of the United States Winners Shirley Ann Jackson, Shirley Ann Jackson, Physical Science, Physical Science, Stanley Falkow, Stanley Falkow, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, Simon A Levin, Simon A Levin, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, Rakesh Jain, Rakesh Jain, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, Mary-Claire King, Mary-Claire King, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, Michael Artin, Michael Artin, Mathematics and Computer Science, Mathematics and Computer Science, Albert Bandura, Albert Bandura, Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, Geraldine L Richmond, Geraldine L Richmond, Chemistry, Chemistry, Paul Alivisatos, Paul Alivisatos, Chemistry, Chemistry, Chenming Hu, Chenming Hu, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Robert Fischell, Robert Fischell, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Cato T Laurencin, Cato T Laurencin, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Jonathan Rothberg, Jonathan Rothberg, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Nancy Ho, Nancy Ho, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Joseph DeSimone, Joseph DeSimone, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Arthur Gossard, Arthur Gossard, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Mark S Humayun, Mark S Humayun, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Sean Solomon, Sean Solomon, Physical Science, Physical Science, Burton Richter, Burton Richter, Physical Science, Physical Science, May Berenbaum, May Berenbaum, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, Bruce Alberts, Bruce Alberts, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, David Blackwell, David Blackwell, Mathematics and Computer Science, Mathematics and Computer Science, Thomas Kailath, Thomas Kailath, Mathematics and Computer Science, Mathematics and Computer Science, Alexandre Chorin, Alexandre Chorin, Mathematics and Computer Science, Mathematics and Computer Science, Robert Axelrod, Robert Axelrod, Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, Judith P Klinman, Judith P Klinman, Chemistry, Chemistry, Jerrold Meinwald, Jerrold Meinwald, Chemistry, Chemistry, Thomas J Fogarty, Thomas J Fogarty, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Arthur D Levinson, Arthur D Levinson, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Cherry A Murray, Cherry A Murray, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Mary Shaw, Mary Shaw, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Edith M Flanigen, Edith M Flanigen, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, John Schiller, John Schiller, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Douglas Lowy, Douglas Lowy, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Charles Bachman, Charles Bachman, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Eli Harari, Eli Harari, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Sandra Faber, Sandra Faber, Physical Science, Physical Science, Sylvester James Gates, Sylvester James Gates, Physical Science, Physical Science, Sidney Drell, Sidney Drell, Physical Science, Physical Science, Sallie W Chisholm, Sallie W Chisholm, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, Leroy Hood, Leroy Hood, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, Lucy Shapiro, Lucy Shapiro, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, Solomon W Golomb, Solomon W Golomb, Mathematics and Computer Science, Mathematics and Computer Science, Barry Mazur, Barry Mazur, Mathematics and Computer Science, Mathematics and Computer Science, Anne Treisman, Anne Treisman, Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, John B Goodenough, John B Goodenough, Engineering, Engineering, M Frederick Hawthorne, M Frederick Hawthorne, Chemistry, Chemistry, Allen J Bard, Allen J Bard, Chemistry, Chemistry, Samuel E Blum, Samuel E Blum, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Jan Vilček, Jan Vilček, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, James Wynne, James Wynne, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, BBN Technologies, BBN Technologies, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Robert S Langer, Robert S Langer, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Gholam A Peyman, Gholam A Peyman, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Norman McCombs, Norman McCombs, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Frances Arnold, Frances Arnold, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Ralph L Brinster, Ralph L Brinster, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, Rudolf Jaenisch, Rudolf Jaenisch, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, S R Srinivasa Varadhan, S R Srinivasa Varadhan, Mathematics and Computer Science, Mathematics and Computer Science, Richard A Tapia, Richard A Tapia, Mathematics and Computer Science, Mathematics and Computer Science, Shu Chien, Shu Chien, Engineering, Engineering, Jacqueline Barton, Jacqueline Barton, Chemistry, Chemistry, Peter J Stang, Peter J Stang, Chemistry, Chemistry, Michael Francis Tompsett, Michael Francis Tompsett, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, C Donald Bateman, C Donald Bateman, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Rakesh Agrawal, Rakesh Agrawal, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, B Jayant Baliga, B Jayant Baliga, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Yvonne Brill, Yvonne Brill, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Yakir Aharonov, Yakir Aharonov, Physical Science, Physical Science, Warren M Washington, Warren M Washington, Physical Science, Physical Science, Esther M Conwell, Esther M Conwell, Physical Science, Physical Science, Susan Lindquist, Susan Lindquist, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, Stanley B Prusiner, Stanley B Prusiner, Biological Sciences, Biological Sciences, David Mumford, David Mumford, Mathematics and Computer Science, Mathematics and Computer Science, Mortimer Mishkin, Mortimer Mishkin, Behavioral and Social Science, Behavioral and Social Science, Amnon Yariv, Amnon Yariv, Engineering, Engineering, Stephen J Benkovic, Stephen J Benkovic, Chemistry, Chemistry, Marye Anne Fox, Marye Anne Fox, Chemistry, Chemistry, Federico Faggin, Federico Faggin, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Harry Coover, Harry Coover, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Marcian Hoff, Marcian Hoff, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Steven Sasson, Steven Sasson, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Helen Murray Free, Helen Murray Free, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, Stanley Mazor, Stanley Mazor, National Medal of Technology and Innovation, National Medal of Technology and Innovation | ||
President obama awards national medal of science and medal of technology
The National Medal of Science is an honor bestowed by the President of the United States to individuals in science and engineering who have made important contributions to the advancement of knowledge in the fields of behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physics. The twelve member presidential Committee on the National Medal of Science is responsible for selecting award recipients and is administered by the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Contents
- President obama awards national medal of science and medal of technology
- Susan lindquist 2009 national medal of science
- History
- Award process
- The Medal
- References
Susan lindquist 2009 national medal of science
History
The National Medal of Science was established on August 25, 1959, by an act of the Congress of the United States under Public Law 86-209. The medal was originally to honor scientists in the fields of the "physical, biological, mathematical, or engineering sciences". The Committee on the National Medal of Science was established on August 23, 1961, by executive order 10961 of President John F. Kennedy.
On January 7, 1979, the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) passed a resolution proposing that the medal be expanded to include the social and behavioral sciences. In response, Senator Ted Kennedy introduced the Science and Technology Equal Opportunities Act into the Senate on March 7, 1979, expanding the medal to include these scientific disciplines as well. President Jimmy Carter's signature enacted this change as Public Law 96-516 on December 12, 1980.
In 1992, the National Science Foundation signed a letter of agreement with the National Science and Technology Medals Foundation that made the National Science and Technology Medals Foundation the metaorganization over both the National Medal of Science and the very similar National Medal of Technology.
The first National Medal of Science was awarded on February 18, 1963, for the year 1962 by President John F. Kennedy to Theodore von Kármán for his work at the Caltech Jet Propulsion Laboratory. The citation accompanying von Kármán's award reads:
For his leadership in the science and engineering basic to aeronautics; for his effective teaching and related contributions in many fields of mechanics, for his distinguished counsel to the Armed Services, and for his promoting international cooperation in science and engineering.
The first woman to receive a National Medal of Science was Barbara McClintock, who was awarded for her work on plant genetics in 1970.
Although Public Law 86-209 provides for 20 recipients of the medal per year, it is typical for approximately 8–15 accomplished scientists and engineers to receive this distinction each year. There have been a number of years where no National Medals of Science were awarded. Those years include: 1985, 1984, 1980, 1978, 1977, 1972 and 1971.
The awards ceremony is organized by the Office of Science and Technology Policy. It takes place at the White House and is presided by the sitting United States president.
Award process
Each year the National Science Foundation sends out a call to the scientific community for the nomination of new candidates for the National Medal of Science. Individuals are nominated by their peers with each nomination requiring three letters of support from individuals in science and technology. Nominations are then sent to the Committee of the National Medal of Science which is a board composed of fourteen presidential appointees comprising twelve scientists, and two ex officio members—the director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) and the president of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS).
According to the Committee, successful candidates must be U.S. citizens or permanent residents who are applying for U.S. citizenship, who have done work of significantly outstanding merit or that has had a major impact on scientific thought in their field. The Committee also values those who promote the general advancement of science and individuals who have influenced science education, although these traits are less important than groundbreaking or thought-provoking research. The nomination of a candidate is effective for three years; at the end of three years, the candidates peers are allowed to renominate the candidate. The Committee makes their recommendations to the President for the final awarding decision.
The Medal
The National Medal of Science depicts Man, surrounded by earth, sea, and sky, contemplating and struggling to understand Nature. The crystal in his hand represents the universal order and also suggests the basic unit of living things. The formula being outlined in the sand symbolizes scientific abstraction.