Country Spain Cuadrilla/Kuadrilla Añana Postal code 01230 Area 21.03 km² | Autonomous community Basque Country Time zone CET (UTC+1) Elevation 501 m Province Álava | |
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Demonym(s) nanclarino, -na (Spanish)
langraiztarra (Basque) | ||
Nanclares de la Oca in Spanish and Langraiz Oka in Basque (officially Nanclares de la Oca/Langraiz Oka), is a village located in the province of Álava, (Basque Country, Spain). It is also the capital village of the municipality of Iruña de Oca and the most populated village of the region named Cuadrilla de Añana.
Contents
- Map of 01230 Nanclares de la Oca C381lava Spain
- First Settlements And Roman Age
- The Middle Ages
- Until XIX Century
- XX and XXI Centuries
- Poblation
- Herriko Enparantza
- The Three Castles
- El Calero
- References
Map of 01230 Nanclares de la Oca, %C3%81lava, Spain
Until its merger with the municipality of Iruña in 1976, Nanclares de la Oca was a separate municipality which comprised the villages of Nanclares de la Oca, Montevite and Ollávarre.
The village is located in the western part of the Llanada Alavesa (plains of Álava), just about 12 kilometers far from the capital city of the Basque Country, Vitoria-Gasteiz.
First Settlements And Roman Age
The first term related to Nanclares De La Oca was found in a celtiberian stela which referred to the towns as "Langrares". Is for this reason, that experts think there were prerroman settlements in the area.
Roman ruins have also been found not just in Iruña-Veleia, an ancient city located near Nanclares, but also in some recent excavations made in Nanclares.The arrival of romans changed completely the style of life and turned Iruña Veleia and its surroundings into an important area.
The Middle Ages
There are datums about several Templar settlements in The Middle Ages. The sufix "Oca" is thought to be related with the Templars, as they called the area where they lived "Tierra de la Oca", which means "The Land of Geese". Still the origin is not certain.
The Village of Nanclares de la Oca is included in the Catalogue of Álava's Towns which is part of the Reja de San Millán wrote in 1025. The village is mentioned as Alfoces Langrares. In the Middle Ages, an Alfoz was the name given in the Iberian Peninsula to a territory which belonged to a villa and was divided in different concels; in this case the councils of Transponte, Adanna, Lermanda, Margarita, Suvillana, Quintaniella de Sursun, Billodas, Langrares, Oto, Mandoiana and Lopeggana.
Until XIX Century
During the Spanish Independence War there were many English soldiers near the village, specially in the Battle of Vitoria. The soldiers belonged to the fourth and ligh military divisions, which were under the order of Wellington. Besides, there were some British cavalries commanded by Robert Hill, Grant and Ponsonby; and a Portuguese one led by D'urban. Their mission was to wait in Nanclares de la Oca until Hill's troops conquered the heights of La Puebla; so that they could cross the Zadorra river and attack directly the rival.
The Carlist Wars did also take place in Nanclares. As a consequence, nowadays there are three castles (Almoreta, Vayagüen and El Encinal) in the surroundings.
In the second half of the century a spa, which was known as Bolen or Bolem, was built. It had a great success; moreover, it was catalogued as one of the bests in Europe. At the end of the XIX century, the spa fell in decline and had to be closed. Some years later, in 1914, La Mennais Brothers setteled on the area, rebuilt and restore the spa, and turned the place into seminary, where future Brothers were indoctrinated. Nowadays, the building is a Secondary School called Colegio San José de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria.
XX and XXI Centuries
In the XX century the town greew considerably not just in length, but also in terms of population in consequence of the various migratory movements inside the Iberian Peninsule.
In the Spanish Civil War a concentration camp was built near the town. It was used during the war and in the post-war era; many republican prissioners were kept in there. In the early 1980s, it was remodeled and a jail was openned in its place.
In 2011 a new jail was built in San Miguel mountain. This one is much bigger and modern than the previous and is supposed to replace the old one.
Poblation
The first census dates of 1802, at that time there were only 47 people living in Nanclares. The following official census date of 1960: 1.164 people; 1970: 1.369; 1978: 1.531; 1981: 1.345.
From the year 2000 on, a census has been made every year.
Herriko Enparantza
This square is located in the centre of the town, it is dominated by the fountain "fuente de los 12 caños", built in 1901, and the ancient laundromat. From the square, a little stone bridge can be seen; a stream called El Torco goes under it, which turns into a waterfall in winter.
The Three Castles
These three small towers were built by the Isabelline army during the Carlist Wars in the XIX century. They were used to guard, communicate and defend the area. They are called: Vayagüen, Almoreta and El Encinal.
El Calero
El Calero was a lime oven built in 1850. It was a non-stop oven, since it was very heigh (15m) and stones could be put inside the tower while the ones at the botton were ready. The stones were heated at 1000C° and the process lasted a week. In 2013 El Calero was rebuilt, and now anyone can visit it.