Domain Bacteria Order Actinomycetales Genus Mycobacterium Rank Species | Phylum Actinobacteria Family Mycobacteriaceae Higher classification Mycobacterium | |
Similar Mycobacterium, Bacteria, Mycobacterium gordonae, Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium fortuitum | ||
Mycobacterium terrae is a slow-growing species of Mycobacterium. It is an ungrouped member of the third Runyon (nonchromatogenic mycobacteria). It is known to cause serious skin infections, which are "relatively resistant to antibiotic therapy".
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Discovery
Richmond and Cummings were the first to isolate Mycobacterium terrae, which they described as "an acid‐fast saprophyte". It is sometimes called the “radish bacillus", because it was isolated from radish water.
Pathology
This bacterium was originally injected into guinea pigs, and did not cause apparent illness, leading to the misconception that this strain was nonpathogenic. In reality, however, infection by this organism can cause disease of the joints, tendons, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract. In humans, symptoms of infection include swelling, lesions, and inflammation, and may mimic the symptoms of osteoarthritis.
Uses
This bacterium is used to study effectiveness of disinfection processes for reusable medical instruments.
Mycobacterium terrae is used during validations of reprocessing procedures of surgical instruments, more specifically as a test organism in determining disinfection efficiency. In order to establish a microbial count the extraction media is filtered and the filters are then placed onto agar plates for an incubation of up to 21 days at 37°± 2 °C. At the end of the incubation period the number of colony forming units are counted. This count is used to calculate the log reduction to determine disinfection efficiency. The Association For The Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) Technical Information Report TIR30 lists acceptance criteria for this test.