Munich knife attack

The attack

The attack occurred during the morning hours of 10 May 2016 at Grafing station in the town of Grafing in the Munich Metropolitan Region. A 56-year-old man was attacked by the perpetrator with a 10-centimetre-long (3.9 in) knife on board a Munich S-Bahn train; he died later in hospital. Three further men, 43, 55, and 58 years old, were then attacked on or near the station; one of them was critically injured. Two of them were cyclists passing by (one was a newspaper deliveryman). All of the victims were randomly chosen. The train driver and a security official were reported to have chased the perpetrator away from the station. Police officers responded at the crime scene on 5:04 a.m. and arrested a suspect only minutes later near the station.

According to eyewitnesses and confirmed by investigators, the suspect shouted "Allahu Akbar" ("God is great" in Arabic) and "You unbelievers must die!" when he started stabbing the passengers and repeated his declarations during interrogation.

Suspect

The suspect has not been officially named by investigators, though he was described as a mentally disturbed, 27-year-old unemployed carpenter with no known ties to Islamist organizations. Local media outlets dubbed him as "Paul H.". The perpetrator was admitted to a psychiatric hospital after the attack, reported the Bremen daily Weser-Kurier.

He was arrested in the hours following the attack. Though it was first reported that he had a migrant background, later reports indicated that he was from the German state of Hesse, and "does not have a migrant background".

Investigation

A spokesperson at the Bavarian state criminal investigation office stated that she could not confirm that the attack was related to terrorism. The police said that the attack was done with "political motive," based on "made statements". Ken Heidenreich, spokesperson of the prosecutor's office, said on the morning of 10 May that an "Islamistic background" was likely.

Later that day, it was reported that the perpetrator had drug and mental problems and was treated two days earlier. The assumption that the attacker was an Islamist was ruled out, but a political motive is still being considered, though the attacker appeared to be confused during the interrogation. The perpetrator was not cooperating during first interrogation, but he later admitted to committing the attack.No links to terrorist networks were known. The police established a special commission, consisting of 80 officers. The perpetrator's cell phone and tablet computer were found and evaluated; in addition, CCTV recordings from the train and station were investigated.

Security measures

Service at the train station was temporarily closed to allow authorities to conduct their investigation.

The attack caused the New York City Police Department to temporarily increase security on the New York City Subway system while investigators looked into possible connections to international militant organizations.

Discussions made in the wake of the attack raised the possibility that bag checks at German train stations might have found the knife used in the attack and prevented it from happening, but German public opinion believes that such searches are an invasion of privacy.

Mental illness discussion

The attack was cited as one of a number of incidents in which mentally disturbed individuals launched violent attacks under the justification of Islamist ideas or slogans. Other examples include Man Haron Monis, the gunman in the 2014 Sydney hostage crisis; and Michael Zehaf-Bibeau, the perpetrator of the 2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa. According to psychologists and psychiatrists who study radicalization, jihad propaganda and calls to kill infidels can push mentally disturbed individuals to act, even in the absence of direct or personal contact with radical Islamists.

Reactions

German Minister of the Interior, Thomas de Maiziere, condemned the "cowardly and outrageous" attack.

A conspiracy theory, which began in Italy before spreading to Germany and then to the English-speaking world, purported that Paul H. is actually named Rafik Youssef and that his name had been changed as part of a cover-up. Rafik Yousef was an Islamist in Berlin who was shot dead by police in September 2015.

The attack was compared to a knife attack at Hanover main station earlier that year on 26 February. The Italian newspaper La Repubblica compared this attack to the 2016 Wurzburg train attack, as did the BBC.

Journalist Nabila Ramdani expressed outrage at what she termed the "purposeful" and "grossly manipulative" media use of the phrase Allahu Akbar, which, she claims, has become, a "trigger for publicity: the perfect tool for those seeking to spread as much discord as possible."