Reign 1726–1765 Died 1765 | Name Muhammad Saud Role Political leader | |
Predecessor Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin Successor Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud Issue Abdul Aziz bin Muhammad bin SaudFaysalSaudAliAbdallah ibn Muhammad bin Saud Father Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin Parents Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin Grandchildren Saud bin Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad bin Saud Similar People Ibn Saud, Saud of Saudi Arabia, Faisal of Saudi Arabia, Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, Fahd of Saudi Arabia | ||
Great grandchildren Abdullah bin Saud | ||
Muhammad ibn Saud (Arabic: محمد بن سعود ; died 1765), also known as Ibn Saud, was the emir of Ad-Diriyyah and is considered the founder of the First Saudi State and the Saud dynasty, which are technically named for his father – Saud ibn Muhammad ibn Muqrin (died 1725). Ibn Saud's family (then known as the Al Muqrin) traced its descent to the tribe of Banu Audi and Hanifa tribes but, despite popular misconceptions, Muhammad ibn Saud was neither a nomadic bedouin nor was he a tribal leader. Rather, he was the chief (emir) of an agricultural settlement near modern-day Riyadh, called Diriyah. Furthermore, he was a competent and ambitious desert warrior.
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Alliance with Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab
The initial power base was the town of Ad-Diriyyah, where he met Muhammad ibn Abdul-Wahhab, who came to Ibn Saud for protection. Muhammad ibn Saud granted this and the two decided to work together to implement Ibn Abdel Wahhab's ideas of purifying Islam from (his perception of) innovations (heresies) in its practice by bringing it back to its purest form. They formed an alliance in 1744 which was formalized by the wedding of Muhammad bin Abdul-Wahhab's daughter to Abdul Aziz, son and successor of Ibn Saud. Thereafter, the descendants of Muhammad bin Saud and the descendants of bin Abdul-Wahhab, the Al ash-Sheikh, have remained closely linked.
Using the ideology of Ibn Abdul-Wahhab, Ibn Saud helped establish the House of Saud among other forces in the Arabian peninsula. The use of religion as a basis for legitimacy differentiated the House of Saud from neighboring clans and built support.
First Saudi State
Whilst under the rule of the Ottoman Empire, Ibn Saud is considered the founder of what later became known as the First Saudi State. The governmental structure he established has acted as a blueprint for successive rulers of the House of Saud up to the current era. His governance was rooted in Islamic principles and incorporated the use of shura, an advisory council. He maintained his rule until his demise in 1765, after which his son, Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, ascended as the second ruler of the First Saudi State.
Legacy
As a forerunner of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, the Imam Muhammad ibn Saud Islamic University is named after him.