A monopole ("monopoly" in French) is an area controlled by a single winery (wine company) and can be as small as a lieu-dit (vineyard) or as large as an entire appellation d'origine contrôlée, such as Bordeaux or Champagne. Frequently this is mentioned on the label and it is rare for only one winery to produce all the wine from an area entitled to a certain name. Each wine is sold by only one company.
The Napoleonic inheritance laws typically caused vineyards to be so finely divided that négociants are needed to bottle commercial quantities of a wine. Whether a monopole indicates a wine of unusual quality or not is a matter of debate.
List of monopoles (in need of expansion)
In Burgundy:
Others
In Bourgogne region, most of the vineyards which classified as Grand Cru have their own appellation (AOC). However, for some cases, several vineyards have one appellation. For example, 7 Grand Crus exists in Chablis region, but only one appellation "Chablis Grand Cru" is given to them. Corton Grand Cru, the largest Grand Cru in Bourgogne, has 26 sub-vineyards in it.
Chablis "La Moutonne" is not recognized as Grand Cru by INAO, but BIVB (Bureau Interprofessionnel des Vins de Bourgogne) recognizes it as Grand Cru.