The Battle of Monmouth on June 28, 1778 saw a colonial American army under Major General George Washington fight a British army led by Lieutenant General Henry Clinton. After evacuating Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on June 18, Clinton intended to march his 13,000-man army to New York City. Washington sent 6,400 troops commanded by Major General Charles Lee to attack the British column of march near Monmouth Court House, New Jersey. When Clinton counterattacked, Lee ordered his badly deployed troops to fall back immediately. Washington brought up 7,000 men to support Lee's withdrawing wing and held his ground against repeated British assaults. That evening Clinton retreated from the field and continued his march to Sandy Hook, where the British fleet waited to ferry his army to New York. Both armies' casualties were about even in the last major battle in the northern colonies. Lee was court martialed for his behavior during the battle.
Lieutenant General Henry Clinton (12,000-13,000)
Brigadier General Sir William Erskine, 1st Baronet, Quartermaster General
Lieutenant General Charles Cornwallis, 1st Marquess Cornwallis
Artillery: Two 12-pound, 12 6-pound, and two 3-pound guns
Unbrigaded:
16th Light Dragoons
Queen's Rangers
1st Light Infantry Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Robert Abercromby of Airthrey14 light companies of the line
Guards Brigade: Brigadier General Edward MathewElements of 1st Foot Guard, 2nd Foot Guard, and 3rd Foot Guard Regiments
1st BattalionGrenadier company, Lieutenant Colonel Sir George Osborn, 4th Baronet
Hyde's company
Wrottesley's company
Cox's company
Garth's company
2nd Battalion
Stephen's company
Murray's company
O'Hara's company
Martin's company
Light company
Grenadiers:1st Grenadier Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel William Medows
16 grenadier companies of the line
2nd Grenadier Battalion, Lieutenant Colonel Henry Monckton †
15 grenadier companies of the line
3rd Brigade: General Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey
15th Foot
17th Foot
42nd Foot
44th Foot
4th Brigade: Commander unknown33rd Foot
37th Foot
46th Foot
64th Foot
5th Brigade: Brigadier General Alexander Leslie
7th Foot
26th Foot
63rd Foot
Hessian Brigade: Colonel Johann August von LoosLinsing Grenadier Battalion
Minningerode Grenadier Battalion
Lengerke Grenadier Battalion
Lieutenant General Wilhelm von Knyphausen (not engaged)
Unbrigaded:
17th Light Dragoons
2nd Light Infantry Battalion, Major John Maitland14 light companies of the line
Hessian Jäger: Lieutenant Colonel Ludwig von Wurmb
Foot Jäger company, Captain Johann Ewald
Foot Jäger company, Captain Carl Wreden
Mounted Jäger company, Captain Richard Lorey
Maryland loyalists
Pennsylvania loyalists
West Jersey loyalists
1st Brigade: Major General James Grant4th Foot
23rd Foot
28th Foot
49th Foot
2nd Brigade: Major General Grant
5th Foot
10th Foot
27th Foot
55th Foot
Hessian Brigade: Major General Johann Daniel StirnErbprinz Infantry Regiment
Donop Infantry Regiment
Mirbach Infantry Regiment
Major General George Washington (11,000)
Quartermaster General: Major General Nathanael Greene
Inspector General: Major General: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben
Senior Artillery Officer: Brigadier General Henry Knox
Senior Engineer Officer: Brigadier General Louis Lebègue Duportail
Adjutant General: Colonel Alexander Scammell
Commissary Generals: Colonels Jeremiah Wadsworth and Clement Biddle
Judge Advocate General: Colonel John Lawrence
Military Secretary: Lieutenant Colonel Robert H. Harrison
Assistant Secretary: James McHenry
Aide-de-camp: Lieutenant Colonels John Fitzgerald, Alexander Hamilton, John Laurens and Richard Meade
Volunteer aides-de-camp: Brigadier Generals Joseph Reed and John Cadwalader
Major General Charles Lee
Staff:
Acting Adjutant General: Lieutenant Colonel John Brooks
Aide-de-camp: Captains John Francis Mercer and Evan Edwards
Senior Artillery Officer: Lieutenant Colonel Eleazer Oswald
Deputy Inspector: Jean Baptiste Ternant
Advisers: Brigadier General David Forman and Colonel François de Malmedy
Wayne's Command: Brigadier General Anthony Wayne (est. 1,000)
Detachment: Colonel Henry Livingston, Jr. (of the 4th New York)
Detachment: Colonel Walter Stewart (of the 13th Pennsylvania)
Detachment: Colonel James Wesson (of the 9th Massachusetts)
Company, 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment: Captain Thomas Seward (2 guns)
Scott's Command: Brigadier General Charles Scott (est. 1,440)
Detachment: Colonel Richard Butler (of the 9th Pennsylvania)
Detachment: Colonel Joseph Cilley (of the 1st New Hampshire)
Detachment: Colonel Mordecai Gist (of the 3rd Maryland)
Detachment: Colonel Richard Parker (of the 1st Virginia)
Company, 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment: (4 guns)
Varnum's Brigade: Colonel John Durkee (est. 300)
1st and 2nd Rhode Island Regiments: Lieutenant Colonel Jeremiah Olney
4th and 8th Connecticut Regiments: Colonel John Durkee
Company, 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment: Captain David Cook (2 guns)
4th Virginia (Scott's) Brigade: Colonel William Grayson (est. 600)
4th, 8th and 12th Virginia Regiments: Colonel James Wood
Grayson's Additional Continental Regiment: Colonel William Grayson
Patton's Additional Continental Regiment: Colonel John Patton
Company, 3rd Continental Artillery Regiment: Captain Thomas Wells (2 guns)
New Jersey Brigade: Brigadier General William Maxwell (est. 1,000)
1st New Jersey Regiment: Colonel Matthias Ogden
2nd New Jersey Regiment: Colonel Israel Shreve
3rd New Jersey Regiment: Colonel Elias Dayton
4th New Jersey Regiment: Colonel Ephraim Martin
Militia Light Horse: Lieutenant Colonel Anthony Walton White (40–50 horsemen)
Company, 2nd Continental Artillery Regiment: Captain Thomas Randall (2 guns)
Jackson's Detachment: Colonel Henry Jackson (est. 200–300)
Henley's Additional Continental Regiment: Major John Tyler
Jackson's Additional Continental Regiment: Colonel Henry Jackson
Lee's Additional Continental Regiment: Lieutenant Colonel William Smith
New Jersey Militia Brigade: Brigadier General Philemon Dickinson (est. 800)1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th Hunterdon Militia: Colonels Philips, Beavers, Chambers and J. Taylor
1st, 1st, 2nd and 3rd Middlesex Militia: Colonels H. Van Dyke, J. Webster, Neilson and J. Hyer
1st and 2nd Somerset Militia: Colonels F. Frelinghuysen and Van Dyke
1st Burlington Militia: Colonel W. Shreve
3rd Monmouth Militia: Colonel D. Hendrickson
On command officers led detachments in the Advance Guard.
Major General Nathanael Greene
1st Virginia Brigade: Brigadier General Peter Muhlenberg (575)
1st, 5th and 9th Virginia Regiments: Colonel Richard Parker (On command)
1st Virginia State Regiment: Colonel George Gibson
2nd Virginia State Regiment: Colonel Gregory Smith
German Battalion: Lieutenant Colonel Ludowick Weltner
2nd Virginia Brigade: Colonel Christian Febiger vice Brigadier General George Weedon (449)
2nd Virginia Regiment: Colonel Christian Febiger
6th Virginia Regiment: Colonel John Gibson
10th Virginia Regiment: Colonel John Green
14th Virginia Regiment: Colonel William Davies
3rd Virginia Brigade: Brigadier General William Woodford (385)
3rd and 7th Virginia Regiments: Colonel William Heth
11th and 15th Virginia Regiments: Lieutenant Colonel John Cropper
1st Maryland Brigade: Brigadier General William Smallwood (657)
1st Maryland Regiment: Colonel John Hoskins Stone
3rd Maryland Regiment: Colonel Mordecai Gist (On command)
5th Maryland Regiment: Colonel William Richardson
7th Maryland Regiment: Colonel John Gunby
1st Delaware Regiment: Colonel David Hall
2nd Maryland Brigade: Brigadier General Smallwood (529)
2nd Maryland Regiment: Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Woolford
4th Maryland Regiment: Colonel Josias Carvil Hall
6th Maryland Regiment: Colonel Otho Holland Williams
New Hampshire Brigade: Brigadier General Enoch Poor (639)
1st New Hampshire Regiment: Colonel Joseph Cilley
2nd New Hampshire Regiment: Colonel Nathan Hale
3rd New Hampshire Regiment: Colonel Alexander Scammell
2nd New York Regiment: Colonel Philip Van Cortlandt
4th New York Regiment: Colonel Henry Livingston, Jr.
North Carolina Brigade: Colonel Thomas Clark vice Brigadier General Lachlan McIntosh (369)
1st North Carolina Regiment: Colonel Thomas Clark
2nd North Carolina Regiment: Colonel John Patten
Connecticut Brigade: Brigadier General Jedediah Huntington (509)
2nd and 5th Connecticut Regiments: Colonel Philip Bradley
1st and 7th Connecticut Regiments: Colonel Hernan Swift
Major General William Alexander, Lord Stirling
Artillery: Four 3-pound guns, two 6-pound guns
1st Pennsylvania Brigade: Colonel James Chambers (352)
1st Pennsylvania Regiment, Colonel James Chambers
2nd Pennsylvania Regiment
7th Pennsylvania Regiment
10th Pennsylvania Regiment
2nd Pennsylvania Brigade: Colonel Francis Johnston (401)
5th Pennsylvania Regiment, Colonel Francis Johnston
8th Pennsylvania Regiment
11th Pennsylvania Regiment
3rd Pennsylvania Brigade: Colonel Robert Magaw (343)
3rd Pennsylvania Regiment
6th Pennsylvania Regiment
12th Pennsylvania Regiment
Note that at Valley Forge, the Pennsylvania brigades were led by Colonel Thomas Hartley, Lieutenant Colonel William Butler, and Brigadier General Thomas Conway.
2nd Massachusetts Brigade: Brigadier General John Glover (512)
1st Massachusetts Regiment
4th Massachusetts Regiment
13th Massachusetts Regiment
15th Massachusetts Regiment
3rd Massachusetts Brigade: Brigadier General John Paterson (357)
10th Massachusetts Regiment
11th Massachusetts Regiment
12th Massachusetts Regiment
4th Massachusetts Brigade: Brigadier General Ebenezer Learned (294)
2nd Massachusetts Regiment
8th Massachusetts Regiment
